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riginal language. Liberal translation does not pay much attention to details, but not means that it can alter the original language arbitrarily. Such as the English word “democracy” , originally has no equivalence in Chinese, but then “民主” coined out, in which “民” , is the abbreviated translation of “demo- ”(人民)and “主” meaning of “–cracy”(regime and reign). 3.3.1 English to Chinese More examples are as follows: honey-moon(蜜月), horse power(马力), television(电视), basketball(篮球), night club(夜总会), bread(面包), Bible(圣经), Christian(基督教), etc. Generally speaking, newspapers, magazines, agencies, organizations as well as some meaningful places mostly have an obvious meaning; therefore it is better to use liberal translation. For example, Life(《生活》), Time(《时代》), White House(白宫), White Hall(白厅), Oxford(牛津), Cape of Good Hope(好望角), Iceland(冰岛)and so on. Some idioms also use this translation method. For example, “Break the ice(打破沉默), By hook or by crook(不择手段), Like father, like Son(有其父必有其子), Love me, love my dog(爱屋及乌), lucky dog(幸运儿), top dog(最重要的人物), etc. 3.3.2 Chinese to English More examples are as follows: 春卷(spring roll), 豆腐(bean curd), 定心珠(worry beads), 土地庙(the protective shrine of the land-god(保护土地神的祠堂), 落花流水(to be shattered to pieces), etc. 3.4 Transcription Pure transliteration has its limitations, because it is unable to transfer the cultural connotation of the original language. Althoug h the literal translation is a simple method, but often makes the reader understand the words just stay at the surface, not in-depth understanding of the cultural connotations. Therefore, if we translate some words based on transliteration or literal translation plus notes, the effect is better. This is called transcription. On one hand, we can maintain as much as possible the characteristics of the original language, on the other hand, the meaning is clearer, so that readers can get a better understanding. 3.4.1 English to Chinese Some English words are used transliteration or literal translation plus one word which is used to describe the main type of it. For example, jazz(爵士乐), jeep(吉普车), mohair(马海毛), riffle(来复枪), bar(酒吧), neon lamp(霓虹灯), etc. 3.4.2 Chinese to English For example, “炕”, “饺子”, “窝窝头”, “风水”, “观音”are unique Chinese culture words, it is better to use transcription method. “kang”—mud- brick-made bed in the countryside of north china(中国北方农村用泥砖做成的床), “Zongzi”—made of glutinous(由糯米做成的), “Wowotou”—steamed bread of corn or sorghum(由玉米或高梁做成的馒头), “Fengshui”—a kind of geomancy, based on Chinese mythology, condoning the choice of sites for house or graves(一种有关房屋,墓地选址的占卜术), “Buddhism Guan Yin”—the Goddess of mercy(仁慈之女神). If the vision “eight-part essay” plus a note like this “a literary composition prescribed for the imperial civil service examination, known for its rigidity of form and poverty of ideas”, so the cultural connotation of this word is easy to understand. More examples are “东施效颦”—“Tung Shih imitates Hsi shin” plus “Hsi Shih was a famous beauty in the ancient Kingdom of Yueh Tung. Shih was an ugly girl who tried to imitate her way.”(see Hawkes 1977:211) “穿小鞋”—“Give somebody tight shoes to wear.(making things difficult for somebody to doby abusing one s power). “班门弄斧”—“This is like showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter.” Conclusion The thesis has presented a systematic theory frame of lexical gaps, from definition to causation till resolution. The theoretical base for the