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the receiving language. .Transliteration is not concerned with representing meanings; it strives to give a phonetically accurate representation of the word. This method is not very extreme, since imitation of sounds is often an approximate output, which allows choices among similar sounds. If the alphabet is different, the change is all the more necessary, so that the receiving culture reader is able to process the message. So transcriptions between Chinese and English are often approximate ones, so that the pronunciation of the transcribe word sounds more natural in the target language environment, like “wonton” for “馄饨”, “色拉” for “salad”, etc. As a result, to transcribe a foreign word, we can sometimes connect the sound with the meaning of characters. For example, we choose “夹克” instead of a more accurate sound “杰克特” for jacket, possibly because “夹” can remind us of “夹袄” which is also a type of clothes. In this way, a lexical gap can keep its foreignness, and at the same time maintains a friendly face toward the target culture. 3.1.1 English to Chinese More examples are as follows: engine(引擎), logic(逻辑), tank(坦克), sofa(沙发), coffee(咖啡), chocolate(巧克力), pudding(布丁), salad(色拉), hamburger(汉堡包), Elizabeth(伊丽莎白), Shakespeare(莎士比亚), London(伦敦), New York(纽约), romantic(罗曼蒂克), marathon(马拉松), clone(克隆), humor(幽默), sonar(声纳), copy(拷贝), brandy(白兰地), lymph(淋巴), pound(磅), whisky(威士忌), radar(雷达), ton(吨), nylon(尼龙), club(俱乐部), guitar(吉它), Olympic(奥林匹克), etc. 3.1.2 Chinese to English More examples are as follows: kowtow(磕头), litchi(荔枝), typhoon(台风), qigong(气功), taijiquan(太极拳), gongfu(功夫), kang(炕), erhu(二胡), yangko(秧歌), Hong Kong(香港), 孔子(Confucius), 磕头(kowtow), 荔枝(litchi), 麻将(mahjong),饺子(jiaozi), 炒面(chowmien), 元(yuan), 叩头(kowtou), 乌龙茶(oolung), etc. 3.2 Literal Translation Literal translation is to preserve foreignness through retaining the literal meaning of a foreign word, and the output is often a meaningful yet unused expression, whose real meaning needs deduction or explanation. In another word, it is “a type of transfer in which the original letter or word is preserved unchanged” (Mark: 2004:176). “latte”, which means espresso coffee mixed with steamed milk, the version of “latte” in Chinese “奶特咖啡” is a good example of literal translation. 3.2.1 English to Chinese More examples are as follows: lose face( 丢脸 ) , out of sight, out of mind (眼不见，心不烦), hotdog(热狗), blind zone(盲区), right wing(右翼), show one’s cards(摊牌), a laughing stock(笑柄), the cold war(冷战), the hot war(热战), Barking dogs do not bite(吠犬不咬人), Misfortune never comes alone(祸不单行), Strike while the iron is hot(趁热打铁) ,etc. With the development of science and technology, literal translation is also used in some new words that appear in computer, medical, nuclear physics and space industries. For example, software(软件), Big science(大科学)(the large investment of science and technology), moonwalk(月球漫步), supermarket(超级市场), etc. 3.2.2 Chinese to English More examples are as follows: 四书(Four Books), 五经(Five Classics), 龙舟(dragon boat), 文房四宝(Scholars Four Jewels), 春节(Spring Festival), 糖醋排骨(sweet and sour spare-ribs), 北京烤鸭, (Beijing roast duck), 八股文(eight-part essay), 纸老虎(paper tiger),丢脸(lose face),京剧(Beijing opera), 咸菜(salted vegetable), 四菜一汤(four dishes and soup), etc. 3.3 Liberal Translation If it is not possible or necessary to retrain the expression of the original language, and can’t find a suitable synonym, liberal translation can be used to express the meaning of the o