英语翻译成汉语的技巧 [2]
论文作者:佚名论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-20编辑:黄丽樱点击率:7758
论文字数:4377论文编号:org200904201756098583语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:translation techniquesInversionlanguagediscussionNatural order
he natural order of addressing the Major-General in Chinese. When in English, this should read: Major-General Mohammed Khan, The First Bridge, The Sixth Division, in the Pakistan Army.
2. Natural order of Adverbials
If there are adverbials of time, manner and place in a sentence, normally we in Chinese tend to place the adverbial of time first, to be followed by that of place and, finally, that of manner. The natural order of a series of adverbials in English is: (a) usually the adverbial of manner immediately follows the main verb, (b) next comes the adverbial of place and (c) finally comes the adverbial of time. This rule is referred to as “M-P-T”, for short. For instance, “1942年11月,苏联红军在斯大林格勒狠狠地打败了德国法西斯的侵略军。” In English, the natural order in this sentence reads: “The Soviet Red Army dealt a crushing blow to and defeated the aggressor troops of the German fascists at Stalingrad in November, 1942.” Similarly, the sentence “Best worked in the 1920s on the narrow-gauge line between Pittsburgh and the lumber and mining hill towns of northwest Pennsylvama.” Can be readily translated into: “19世纪20年代,贝斯特在匹兹堡和宾西法尼亚洲的林木场和矿山镇之间的狭轨道上工作。”
3. Natural order of subject and predicate.
The subject and the Predicate are the main components in a sentence. The subject is put before the predicate, which is the normal word order in English. In Chinese it is the same as that in English. The basic sentence pattern is “subject +predicate +others”. For example, “The football match became very exciting.” In Chinese, 这场足球赛变得十分紧张。
4. Natural order of inverse sentence
In a English sentence, for the sake of inversion of particular grammar construction or the emphasis of predicate, the predicate is put before the subject. We call this kind of sentence inverted sentence. Inverted sentences have tow types: one is partial inversion. The other is complete inversion. The basic sentence model of the former is: “auxiliary predicate +subject +predicate +others”. The latter is: “Predicate +subject +others”. However, in Chinese when we express this kind of sentences we should use the normal word order. For example, “ How long can the diver stay under water?”潜水员能够在水下停留多久呢?
5. Natural order of the object in the sentence.
The object is one of the minor components in the sentence, which can be the objects of verbs, prepositions. So the position of the objects is flexible which can be put at the beginning, in the middle or at end of the se ntence. Yet, in Chinese the object is usually put after the verb or the preposition. Only when the object is emphasized do we put the object before the verb or the preposition. However, in the normal word order whether in English or in Chinese, the object is often put after the verb or the preposition. Eg: “We want to sail through outer space.”我们要遨游太空。
6. Natural order of the double objects and the complex objects
In English there is one kind of verb, which has two objects. One is the direct object; the other is the indirect object. We call this kind of verb dative verbs, such as: give, show, teach, offer, return and so on. In Chinese there is also such kind of objects. In English, there are tow kinds of order: one is “subject +predicate +indirect object +direct object”, the other is “subject +predicate +direct object +to +indirect object”. In Chinese there are also two types of sentence pattern: one is “subject +predicate+(preposition) +indirect object +direct object”. The other one is “subject +preposition +direct object +predicate
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