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type of the text itself. Above all, during the process of translation of metaphors, the translator should try to flexibly keep the cultural features while translating meaning. As a result of cultural similarities and differences, the target language and the source language have different corresponding relations: sometimes full-corresponding, sometimes semi-corresponding, and sometimes non-corresponding. Such a phenomenon will further affect the accuracy of translation. In fact, any translation may bring about the loss of meaning and/or image. Therefore, we should adopt different complemental methods in order to achieve what Nida called “functional equivalence”.[21] 4.1.2 Cultural connotation of metaphor “Both Nida and Newmark classify linguistic culture into five categories:(a) ecology (b) material culture (c) social culture (d) religious culture (e) linguistic culture.”[22] It clearly tells us that: cultural information carried by all kinds of languages is certain to be different, because the ecology, material, social and religious environment which different nations own are impossible to be identical. The cultural differences directly influence the thinking mode and value orientation of human being, thus become the main reason for the differences of metaphorical concepts of the two nations. Through researches on metaphors, we can find the cultural differences between Chinese and English. Firstly, metaphors reflect geological and natural conditions of a nation. Different nations have different geological environment and national circumstances, and this difference often finds expression in metaphors. For example (2), when describing the emergence of a large amount of new objects, Chinese always say “雨后春笋般地”, while in English people usually say “grow like mushrooms” (像蘑菇一般). From this example, we can find that for the same phenomenon, Chinese and English use different images to describe. The reason just lies in the different environment of the two nations：China abounds with bamboo shoots, while the English speaking countries with mushrooms. Different climates also play a very important role in the use of metaphor. In the eye of Chinese, summer is an uncomfortable season when the blazing sun bakes the earth all the time but sometimes it suddenly rains heavily without any notice. So when seeing the metaphor “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou are more lovely and more temperate.” in Shakespeare’s 18th sonnet to praise his friend, most Chinese may feel confused. It is very hard for us to connect the summer with a good friend. At this time, we need to make researches on the climate of Britain. Britain lies in the Northern temperate zone and is near to the Atlantic Ocean, so it has an oceanic climate and its summer is warm but never hot. In the mind of English, the summer is the most pleasant season to live in, which forms sharp contrast with the continental climate decided by the location of China.[23] Therefore, there is no doubt that the same wind triggers different associations in Chinese and English. Besides climate, terrain and species of animals and plants, distribution of mineral deposits is an important factor for us to consider in terms of geological conditions. The ancient poem “问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流” reflects China’s terrain is high in the west and low in the east; and the English idiom “carry coals to Newcastle” (近乎做徒劳无功的事) arises from the background that Newcastle is an industrial city in Engla