从关联理论的角度看翻译中的语境问题 [14]
论文作者:佚名论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-09编辑:黄丽樱点击率:17537
论文字数:8995论文编号:org200904091521411985语种:中文 Chinese地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:Translationcommunicationrelevance theoryoptimal relevancecognitive context翻译交际活动关联理论最佳关联认知语境
more or less bound by their syntactic, situational, cultural, and social contexts.
Look at the following examples:
(20). Like charges repel, unlike charges attract.
相同电荷相斥,不同电荷相吸。
(21). He likes English more than Chinese.
他喜欢英语甚于喜欢语文。
(22). Like knows like.
英雄识英雄。
The word “like” has different meanings when used in different contexts. The first one should be translated into “相同”,the second “like” means “喜欢”, and the last one refers to the Chinese “英雄”. Without the context, the single word would become meaningless and it is only a symbol. And the context always would give a word many different meanings in different situations.
But sometimes, a contextual difference may reverse the meaning of some words. For example, “多” and “少”are a pair of antonyms in that one may be regarded as meaning of “much ,a lot of” and the other as “a little”. The two sentences “我有很多钱”and “我只有很少的钱” may be translated respectively into “I have much money” and “I have a little money”. However, when the two words are combined with “这么”and put into a special context, the result may be quite interesting. For example, the sentences “我只有这么多钱” and “我只有这么少钱” are all can be translated into English like this: “I have only such a little money”
4.3.2. Indicating the whole style of text
A style is a manner of expressing one’s thoughts and feelings in words. Generally, there are three factors affecting the writer’s styles. First, his own personality, thinking pattern, and his feelings that determines his mode of expression; second, the occasion on which he is writing, the particular purpose which directs his pen at the moment of writing; third, the age in which he lives. [30] As Savory said, “Style is the essential characteristic of every piece of writing, the outcome of the writer’s personality and his emotions at the moment, and no single paragraph can be put tighter without revealing in some degree the nature of its author.”[31]
It is the complexity of context that determines the varieties of style and adds difficulties to translation. On the one hand, the original text involves a kind of context; on the other hand, the target text also involves another kind of context. [32] In order to make clear the complex relationship between them, a translator should find out the relevance of language and context, and make sure that the target and the original are in the state of dynamic equivalence. That is, during the process of translation, the translators should try their best to help the target text readers understand the original meaning by reasoning the context with little effort.
In Gettysburg Address, Lincoln said a very famous sentence, (23) “…a government of people, by people and for people”. In most situations, people translate it into Chinese “民有,民治, 民享政府”, and this version is accepted by most people. But for a certain group of people, such as children and uneducated persons, they may be puzzled by this version. Hence some suggest another translation: “为人民所有,为人民所治, 为人民服务的政府”. This version may not as brief as the first one, but it is clearer in meaning and easier to understand. So sometimes, the audience and the situation decide the style of translation. On the base of relevance theory, translators should manage to connect the audience with the context, making the audience understand the original meaning without taking much effort. That is, try to compose the most suitable context according to the principle of optimal relevance. The audience is changeable, so t
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