从关联理论的角度看翻译中的语境问题 [9]
论文作者:佚名论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-09编辑:黄丽樱点击率:17531
论文字数:8995论文编号:org200904091521411985语种:中文 Chinese地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:Translationcommunicationrelevance theoryoptimal relevancecognitive context翻译交际活动关联理论最佳关联认知语境
t night, then the intended meaning of B is: “No, thanks!” If B has a lot of work to do and need to stay up all night, then the intended meaning of B is: “Yes, please!”
As the above examples show, a same sentence has many different understandings and meanings. The crucial problem is: how to choose the right or suitable meaning of a sentence in the certain situation. And Sperber and Wilson hold the opinion that any utterances have different meaning in different situation; the speaker should express the crucial emphasis by the way of ostensive inference, guiding the hearer to reason the actual context in the correct direction.
Human beings have a natural interest in improving their understanding of the world around them, this understanding consisting of the assumptions about the world, which they have stored, in memory. [22] That is, human beings like to internalize the external environment, and their own experience to form a cognitive context that is helpful for their understanding of the utterance or text. So the cognitive context is not established before the understanding of an utterance, but established during the process of understanding by continuous selection.
The process of processing and selecting the optimal context is a process of looking for the optimal relevance of utterance and context. Moreover, cognitive context is the consequence of assumptions selecting. However, the selection of context would definitely enlarge the context. In relevance theory, cognitive context is not static and fixed; it is a developing dynamic concept. In order to give a relevant interpretation to an utterance, people have to add some more relevant assumptions to context.
The context is dynamic and cognitive; it is composed of a series of assumptions, which people put into mind for understanding the utterance correctly. The context is closely related to the human thinking activities; the key motile factor that affects the understanding of an utterance is people’s cognitive competence towards the world. “The realizations of the dynamic properties of context enable us to take a new look at the notion of communicative competence, which means more than the possession of knowledge and ability to produce appropriate communicative behaviors. To be communicatively competent, one should also be capable of actively manipulating aspects of context to advance his or her communicative goals and effectively interpret meaning by creating an appropriate context for the interpretation procedure.”[23] To sum up, in the perspective of relevance theory, the context in communication is dynamic, and the key of utterance understanding is to look for relevance in the cognitive context.
4. Context and translation
Translation can be seen as a linguistic communication activity that aims at transferring meaning form one language to another language, and it depends so much on the context. For the understanding of context would restrict the success of translation. In relevance theory, translation is a process of reasoning and perceiving, and it bases on cognition. “Translation cannot be termed purely ‘linguistic operation’, but rather must be thought of as a psycholinguistic, sociolinguistic and pragmalinguistic process, which lends itself to an exhaustive scientific depiction only with the greatest difficult.” [24] So in the process of translation, not only linguistic factors, but also many other factors need to be taken into account. And most of these factors, linguis
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