英语论文网

is heart is not happy today. As he has not recovered from his illness, he is not happy today. (8)他的历史非常丰富，但没有通过考试。 * Although his historical knowledge is not rich, his exam was not pass. Although he is rich in knowledge, he failed in history. (9)这些快速食品的味道还需要大大改进。 * The flavor of fast food needs to be improved. These fast products leave much to be desired when it comes to flavor. (10)汉语部不仅教中国学生汉语和中国文学课还招收学习汉语的外国留学生。 * The Chinese Program teaches the Han language and Chinese literature. The Chinese Program offers not only Chinese literature but also courses for international students of Chinese. From the examples above , we can see that Chinese expression abounds structures like this “人称代词+名词的主语结构”When it comes to this circumstances ,we can use the personal pronoun as the subject or adverbial .Of course in some cases, subject can leave untouched and we can pick up a proper predicate to collocate with the former one. Ⅱ． Adverbial Subject In Chinese it’s common to use the adverbial such as place, time and tool as the subject 如：(1)昨晚抓住了三个小偷。 (2)今天开会 (3) 一把菜刀闹革命。 (4) 校园东头盖了一栋房。 (5)四川上个月抢救了两只挨饿的大熊猫。 In fact, they are viewed as the topic of sentences. Although it’s adverbial, it can be acted as subject .In Chinese while it is rare to see the adverbial as the subject in English. (1) 在过去的三年里，浦东新区完成了10项基础设施的建设。 * In the past three year, the Pu Dong New District completed 10 major infrastructure projects . In the past three years, 10 major infrastructure projects have been completed in the Pu Dong New District (2) 上海采取可一系列的优惠政策来吸引外资。 * Shanghai attract a series of preferential polices to attract foreign capital. A series of preferential polices have been adopted in Shanghai to attract foreign capital (3) 有谣言说，明年年初要实行价格改革。 * Early next years will instituted a price reform. Rumor has it that a price re reform will be instituted at the beginning of the next year. (4) 各地都在开展全民健身运动。 * Every place has come out physical fitness programs. Physical fitness programs have been carried out everywhere. (5) 我们很高兴学期结束了。因为暑假自由自在，又快活。 * We are all glad that school is over, for summer vacation is free and happy. We are all glad that school is over, for we are free and happy in the summer vacation. As the examples show above, we can use the passive voice to move the main information to the subject position .As a matter of fact, this approach is correlative with the maxim of English expression .In order to put the important information in the important position (subject) we must adhere to this principle, especially in translating the whole passage. 尽管损失如此严重，举国上下展开与洪水的斗争是非常值得称颂的。在抗洪斗争中，中国人民显示了令人叹服的守堤防洪的能力。例如这次国家调动了160万军队以去帮助守护大堤，将被洪水淹没地区的百姓迁走。事实上，差不多有数百万的平民百姓参加了这一人类巨大的斗争。 Take country as the subject in Chinese is right, but it seems improper to use it in English. Because the first sentence is mainly about the important part that people played in the flood. The following two sentences just explain the actual move that is taken by troops and civilians. So the information of this paragraph is 1.6 million troops not the country. When translating it, we should take the central information as the subject. Despite the serious damages China deserves a lot credit for the nationwide effort to deal with flooding, during which the Chinese have demonstrated a remarkable capacity for shoving up dikes and protecting themselves from flooding. For example, 1.6 million troops have been mobilized to help protect the dikes and to move people out of