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or 'extended' (a collocation, an idiom, a sentence, a proverb, an allegory, a complete imaginative text" (1988b:104). Snell-Horn by rejects New mark’s concept of the "one-word metaphor" in favors of We inrush’s definition that "metaphor is text" (1988:56). She believes that a metaphor is a complex of (at least) three dimensions (object, image and sense), reflecting the tension between resemblance and disparity" (1988: 56-57). This paper will follow the idea that "metaphor is text” which includes an idiom, a sentence, a proverb and an allegory. 2. What has been said about the translation of metaphor? In contrast to the voluminous literature on metaphor in the field of literary criticism and rhetoric, the translation of metaphor has been largely neglected by translation theorists"(Fung, 1995). In his article "Can metaphor be translatable?", which is regarded as an initial discussion of the subject, Degut says,” What determines the translatability of a source language metaphor is not its 'boldness' or 'originality', but rather the extent to which the cultural experience and semantic associations on which it draws are shared by speakers of the particular target language"(1976).Snell-Horn by takes me tap hour translation in the light of the integrated approach. She says that the ensue of the metaphor is frequently culture-specific,[...] Whether a metaphor is 'translatable' (i.e. whether a literal translation could recreate identical dimensions), how difficult it is to translate, how it can be translated and whether it should be translated at all cannot be decided by a set of abstract rules, but must depend on the structure and function of the particular metaphor within the text concerned ". (1988: 56-9)van den Brocks conceives the treatment of metaphors as a functional relevancy to the communicative situation (1981). Mary Fung also considers translating metaphor as a communicative event which is both interlingual and intercultural (1995). Different from the semantic, cultural and functional perspectives mentioned above, Newmark holds a more pragmatic approach. Drawing on his prac tical experience, he proposes several procedures for translating metaphor: (1) Reproducing the same image in the target language; (2) Replacing the SL image with another established TL image; (3)Replacing the metaphor by simile; (4)Retaining the metaphor and adding the sense; (5)Converting the metaphor to sense; (6)Omitting the metaphor if it is redundant. Discussions of the subject, especially those written in Chinese, are also pragmatic rather than theoretical. In E-C Translation Course book (1980) which is the most widely used translation textbook in China, Zhang Perini and his co-compilers summarized three popular methods for translating metaphors:(1) Literal translation (similar to New mark’s first procedure); (2) Replacing the SL image with a standard TL image (similar to New mark’s second procedure); (3) Converting the metaphor to sense (Same as New mark’s fifth procedure). Based on the methods suggested by Zhang and his colleagues, Guo Zhuzhang proposes five in A Practical Course book in Translation Between English and Chinese (1996, revised edition): (1) Literal translation plus explanation; (2) Literal translation plus meaning; (3) Adapting the metaphor; (4) Using Chinese couplets to render the English metaphor; (5) Replacing the SL image with a TL image. 3. How Are Metaphors Translated? The ab