不可译性及其补偿方法 [6]
论文作者:钟梅连论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-09编辑:黄丽樱点击率:9723
论文字数:4848论文编号:org200904092234187004语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:untranslatabilitylinguistic untranslatabilitycultural untranslatabilitymethod of compensation不可译性语言不可译性文化不可译性补偿方法
responding reality in the target language, this new reality would be more usual to the audience in the target language. This method aims at maintaining the elegance and intelligibility in the target language at the sacrifice of the form of the source language, but without changing the main cultural message of the original. For example:
(20)“很好,不用瞎担心了,我还有委员的福分呢!”
“么事的桂圆?”
“是委员!从前行的是大人老爷,现在行委员 !你还不明白?”
“He give me very good news, we need not look for trouble. I have the possibility of being a member of committee!”
“What’s a common tea?” Asked the wife who vaguely caught the sound.
“A committee! Lords and esquires are out of date, and the prevailing nomination is to a committee. Don’t you still understand?”
Here, the Chinese word “委员”(member of a committee) sounds quite like “桂圆”(longan, a kind of tropical fruit). In the conversation, the wife does not quite catch the word and mistake the “桂圆”for “委员”. If the two words are translated literally, the reader will find the wife’s mistake incomprehensible since there is no phonological similarity in English between the two items. The translator use the method of adaptation, turning logon(桂圆)into common tea. Now the form is change, but the function or effect is preserved. Common tea is phonologically related to committee. By using adaptation, this homophone untranslatability is turned into translatability.
4.2. Borrowing
Borrowing is a translation procedure that the translator uses a word or expression from the source language in the target language holus-bolus. Differences between cultures may mean that one language has expression and concepts that may not exit in another. For example, we have no ready-made equivalent for the English “model”, “Coca-cola”, “coffee”, “logic”, “sofa”, “motor”, “Brandy”, “chocolate”, “Benz”, and so on. Face with such words and expressions, the translators are hard-pressed to convey the original meaning and are often left with no choice but to borrow the original lexical items. So these words come into Chinese :“模特儿”,“可口可乐”,“咖啡”,“逻辑”,“沙发”,“摩托”,“白兰地”,“巧克力”,“奔驰”,and so on. And likewise, there are no English equivalent for some Chinese words, such as kang(heated brick bed), Guandi Miao(temple enshrining Guan Yu, a well worshipped ancient Chinese hero), Zongzi( a pyramid-shape dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in reed leaves that is eaten during the Dragon Boat festival), Qigong(a system of deep breathing exercise popular in China), Taiji Quan (a kind of traditional Chinese boxing), and so on. Some of these had been accepted by English people, and some will be accepted, and these words will come to English.
4.3. Translator’s note
A translator’s note is a note (usually a footnote or an endnote) added by the translator to the target language to provide additional information pertaining to the limit of translation, the cultural background and any other explanation. “Nida also points out that the footnote can explain contradictory customs, identify unknown geographical or physical objects, give equivalent of weights and measures, provides information on plays on words, include supplementary data on proper names and add information which may be generally useful in understanding the historical and cultural background of the document in question.”[13]P238-239In a word, using this method can turn some untranslatability into a certain degree of translatability.
For example:
(20)道可道,非常道 ——《道德经》Laozi
The Tao①that can be expressed in words is not the constant T
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