不可译性及其补偿方法 [5]
论文作者:钟梅连论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-09编辑:黄丽樱点击率:9806
论文字数:4848论文编号:org200904092234187004语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:untranslatabilitylinguistic untranslatabilitycultural untranslatabilitymethod of compensation不可译性语言不可译性文化不可译性补偿方法
l die, and they will feel fear. But to the English people, it has nothing to do with disaster. It is the coming of the justice moment.
3.1.4 .Historical culture
The history of a nation is the record of the social development. Idioms and legends provide ready support in this respect. “The main problems that idioms and fixed expression pose in translation relate to the two main areas: the ability to recognize and interpret an idiom correctly; and the difficulties involved in rendering the various aspects of meaning that an idiom or a fixed expression conveys into the target language.” [12]P65An idiom or fixed expression may have no equivalent in the target language. One language may express a given meaning by a single word, another may express it by a fixed expression, and a third may express it by an idiom, and so on. So it is unrealistic to expect to find equivalent idioms and expression in the target language in all cases. The idioms and expressions may be culture-specific which makes it difficult to translate or is untranslatable. The expression such as Kangaroo Court, related to specific cultural background provides a good example. And the historical stories or legends also have their culture element, for example:(16)“八仙过海,各显神通”,“三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮”,“情人眼里出西施”。
3.2. Untranslatability resulted from culture conflict
In translation, some words in one language are traditionally considered equivalent to other words in another language, but their connotations and even their referents are in effect quite different, they are so-called false friends. For example:
(17)The Chinese “龙” and English “dragon”. Chinese people view “龙”as a symbol of power or good fortune. Such as “望子成龙”,but the English people see the dragon as fierce and associate it with evil, cruelty and violence. If “望子成龙” is translated into “to expect one’s son to be a dragon”, English people can not accept that.
Since the forms of the related items are the same, they are often misleading. For example, (18)the brand name of a well-known Chinese battery“白象”is literally translated into “White Elephant”. “白象”means fortune and good luck in Chinese. However, the translation elicit unfavorable reaction from English consumers, who use white elephant as an idiom to mean something costly but useless.
Some words of color have conflict meaning as well. Take red for example,(19) it has the meaning of happy and festival as “红”in Chinese, such as “red-letter days”. But the Chinese “红茶”is “black tea” in English, and the Chinese “红糖”is “brown sugar” in English. The English “in the red” is “亏损赤字”.
Culture is one of the great obstacles in the process of translation, along with the linguistic barrier that is responsible for untranslatability in translation.
4. The method of compensation
Compensation is a special method that is used to reach the equivalence when there is no equivalent concept and suitable expression in the target language.
It is widely accepted that the language phenomenon of untranslatability is not absolutely untranslatable, especially in the cultural aspect. In translation practice, when dealing with this kind of phenomenon, the translator always makes great effect to get relatively satisfactory version, following are the methods often used by translators to compensate.
4.1. Adaptation
An “adaptation”, also known as “free translation”, is a translation procedure whereby the translator replaces a social, or cultural reality in the source language with a cor
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