不可译性及其补偿方法 [4]
论文作者:钟梅连论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-09编辑:黄丽樱点击率:9721
论文字数:4848论文编号:org200904092234187004语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:untranslatabilitylinguistic untranslatabilitycultural untranslatabilitymethod of compensation不可译性语言不可译性文化不可译性补偿方法
lture includes and affects language, it is the ground from which language grows and develops. All languages are products of the culture of the country and the nation. They all have long historical background and various cultural connotations. The history, social system, natural environment, religion and customs are all shown vividly in their culturally- loaded words, proverbs, idioms, and so on. In traditional practice, there are often no such words in target language, and the translators have to find the similar codes or make some new codes to replace, so when these culturally loaded words are translated into another language, the cultural connotations are lost. Nida once pointed out that: “For the success translation, being familiar with two cultures is even more important than mastering two languages, because the language has its meaning only in the cultural background.” [11]P92
Chinese culture belongs to eastern culture, and English culture is European and American culture, which belongs to the western culture. There are essential difference between eastern culture and western culture, so the untranslatability is understandable.
3.1. Untranslatability resulted from culture gap
3.1.1. Material culture
Different nations live in different places, and will have different images for the same thing. We often hear some Chinese say: “走,喝酒去!”The word “酒”is difficult to translate. It includes liquor, spirit, alcohol, drink, beer, wine, and so on. These words are all “酒”,but the liquor and spirit means low quality, and the drinks include hard drinks and soft drinks, while the wine is often referred to the grape or fruit wine.
In English, the daffodil is the symbol of spring and happiness, but in Chinese, it is only a kind of flower called “黄水仙”。In Chinese people’s mind, the plum, orchid, chrysanthemum and bamboo are all the symbol of high spirit. But English people do not think so.
3.1.2. Traditional culture
People live together in one country or region, and will form their own traditions, these traditions will pass from generation to generation. And other countries or regions people may not have these traditions, even they have, but in different meaning, thus making these traditions untranslatable.
For example:
(14)According to English tradition, the family will throw old shoes to the unmarried couples when they go out of the house, which means wish them luck, but if this tradition is translated into “扔旧鞋”,the Chinese people will misunderstand it. For in China, throwing old shoes to a woman is to abuse her.
For the tradition reason, a lot of appellations are untranslatable. The meaning of English uncle include such Chinese words as叔父(father’s younger brother), 伯父(father’s elder brother), 舅舅(mother’s brother), 姑父(father’s sister’s husband), 姨父(mother’s sister’s husband), 叔叔(father’s younger brother or a friend or acquaintance about the same age as a young person’s parent). It would be considered a terrible mistake in Chinese culture to refer to the father’s brother as 舅舅,so if the relation is not clear in English, it can not be translated into Chinese.
3.1.3Religious Culture
In religion, translation becomes the mission. Chinese have translated in this field for a long time, but Chinese people do not have Christianity background. Thus many of the culture will make Chinese people misunderstand.
For example:
(15)“ End of the world” will make Chinese people think of the coming of great disaster, in which all the human being wil
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