ple put their family names which represent their ancestors, clans and groups before their given names, which symbols person individuality while the western people not only emphasize individual person and individuality, but also value the independent personality and self-consciousness, they think the given names are life and soul of a person, so they highly value them.
Contrary to the high esteem of given names, English people think family names are not very important. The reflection of this sense leads to the different order of name, i.e. given names are put before family names. And we can also find the different culture connotation in women’s names. Chinese women remain their family names and given names, even in the past. However, in most western countries, the women once married, they should change their family name to that of their husbands’ according to the custom. For example, when Mary White marred John Brown, her name should be changed into Mary Brown.
Incidentally, as mentioned above, the given names in English-speaking countries are also called Christian names. The phenomenon reflects the important role in people’s life.
3.2.3 Patriarchy, Confucian-worship, religion
“With the influence of Patriarchy, Chinese people often use birth orders or their father or grandfather’s given names as shi (氏). In Zhou Dynasty, people used the characters 孟 (meng), 伯(bo), 仲(zhong), 叔(shu), 季(ji ) to indicate the birth order of children. And they were usually used as shi”.[15] P16 According to the rule of Patriarchy, the emperor’s son was called 王子(wangzi ,son of an emperor), son of 王子is called 王孙,(wangsun, grandson of an emperor),and the son of 王孙must use this grandfather’s given name as his “shi”. Chinese name are not only influenced by Patriarchy, but also influenced by Confucian-worship. An obvious feature is the use of generation character. That is members of each generation of a patriarchal family use the same character in their given name, different generation use different character. Thus the name can show their bearer’s position in the family hierarchy. However, the generation character is gradually disappearing with the disappearance of clan families and the fulfillment of the one-child policy in China. Today, religion influence can also be found in English personal names. “Religion, especially Christianity plays a great important role in the development of English personal names. Not only the Christians, but also common people are influenced by it. Therefore, their names have connections with the religion, they reflect English national cultures. In English-speaking countries, “John” is a very popular name used by men, which comes from Hebrew, Yohanan meansing “the gift from god”. “John” is a name of believer in Bible, so it becomes so popular on personal names”.[16] P35 In the 16th and 17th century, Puritans show great beliefs in religion. They gave their children slogan names, such as Be-courteous, Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith, the-lord-is-near. Such names were much laughed at by the public. The more sensible puritans had in the meantime managed to display their religious beliefs in less eccentric ways and created a group of names, which have survived to the present day. This naming group featured the “virtues” and it includes such names as Charity, Faith, Grace, Honor, Joy, Hope, Patience, Prudence and Felieity.
3.2.4 Hierarchy and equality
“Confucius emphasized the distinction between upper class and lower class, the superior
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