英汉姓名的文化内涵及其翻译 [3]
论文作者:佚名论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-09编辑:黄丽樱点击率:13166
论文字数:6230论文编号:org200904091530462427语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:English names and Chinese namescultural connotationtranslation principletranslation method英汉姓名文化内涵翻译原则翻译方法
ple, or referring particularly to certain situations or actions”. [7] P31
For example, Shylock, in Shakespeare’s comedy The Merchant of Venice indicates some usurers and businessmen who are mean and cruel. It can also be used as verb referring to the action of owing usury. For instance, “His income derived from illicit activities-bookmaking, gambling, shylocking, and questionable union activities”.
Take the personal name Zhu Geliang (诸葛亮)as another example. It can be used not only to refer to the specific person who once really existed in history, but also used as a common noun.“诸葛亮” in the saying “三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮”(Working together, three ordinary men can be as wise as Zhuge Liang who was a very wise man in the Three States Period )is not specific a person, it refers to same wise men like him. In Chinese literature, we may find names with specially implied meaning chose by writers who tend to take advantage of homophone, which acts as a pun. For example, characters in The Story of Stone that written by Chao Xueqin. Jia Yucun (贾雨村),Jiahua(贾化),Zhen Shiyin(甄士隐),which pronounce the same as jia yu cun (假语存--lies exist), jia hua (假话--tell lies),zhen shi yin (真事隐--truth is hidden).
Both in Chinese and English, there are also names in great authors’ writings which are taken as current vocabulary.
Hamlet is the hero in Shakespeare’s tragedy “Hamlet”. His uncle murders his father so he wants to take revenges on him. But he hesitates so much in his avenging plan that in the end he has to pretend being mad. “Hamlet” in present English is not only one of the characters in Shakespeare’s tragedy, but also considered as a synonym to a person who is hesitating in doing something or to a hesitating action. If people think someone is very hesitating in doing something, they may say“You are Hamlet”. Rip Van Winkle is one of the heroes in the works of the American writer Washington Irving. He is a hen-packed man. Once being scolded by his wife, he runs into the Catskill, a mountain near his village. He feels relaxed there and drinks too much before falling asleep. When he wakes up, it is too many years later that everything in the village has been greatly changed. Rip Van Winkle is now referring to some people who are old-fashioned, or whose minds and thoughts are dropped far behind from the present society. People may express someone’s idea that is out of date, by saying “This is the opinion of same Rip Van Winkle”.
3.2 Differences between the two name systems
It is said that every coin has its two sides. We talked about their similarities above, and now, we are going to talk about the differences between Chinese and English name systems and their culture connotation
3.2.1Origin of family names
Family names reflect different national cultures and ancient civilization from various points of view. Being a kind of social phenomenon and complicated psychological process, family names reveal social reality. So the development of family names cannot be separated from the social and cultural background on which they rely. The form and use of family names are developing progressively with the evolution of history and changing of society.
(i) Origin of Chinese family names
“The number of family names in Chinese is much smaller than that of English name. So far, we have all together less than ten thousand family names, in which 6363 family names are from the Han nationality. But in the west, there are 156 thousand family names, among which thirty-five thou
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