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大弦)对照the fine strings(小弦),“嘈嘈”“切切”由拟声词变成动词词组loudly thrummed(锣鼓等敲打的既大又嘈杂声音),softlytinkled(小泉流水般柔和清脆的声音),“急雨”“私语”译为pattering rain,murmuring strain。从音美效果看,rain和strain押尾韵,而且也采用原诗的对仗,使thick strings与fine strings,loudly thrummed与softly tinkled,the pattering rain与murmu2ring strain在形式上互相对照,加上轻重音相间,有一种难以莫名的音乐美感。间关莺语花底滑,幽咽泉流水下滩。冰泉冷涩弦凝绝,凝绝不通声暂歇。杨、戴译:We heard an oriole,liquid,hidden among flowers.We heard a brook bitterly sob along a bank of sand...By the checking of its cold touch,the very stringseemed brokenA s though it could not pass;and the notes dying away许译:Now you heard orioleswarble in flowery land,Then a sobbing stream run along a beach of sand.But the stream seemed so cold as to tighten the string;From tightened strings no more sound could be heard tosing.这两句表达音乐的流畅优美,由大到小,由小到细,继而到无的过程。杨、戴译的除了“broken”来指弦凝绝与下文“dying a2way”似乎不太协调之外,似乎也将原文忠实地表达了出来。而许译的“鸟鸣”orioles warble,“幽咽的泉水”a sobbing stream,“冰、冷”cold,“凝绝”tighten,“声暂歇”no more sound。在处理“音美”上“orioles warble”两词都有Π:Π,“sobbing,along”的ΠΠ,“stream seemed”的Πi:mΠ分别行内押韵,加上“land,sand,string,sing”的尾韵,读起来更加朗朗上口,达到了唯美的效果。银瓶乍破水浆迸,铁骑突出刀枪鸣。杨、戴译:Then a silver bottle is smashed,gushes the water,A rmored riders charge,their swords and lances clang!许译:Suddenlywe heard water burst a silver jar,And the clash of spears and sabers come from afar.此句表示音乐从近乎凝绝处突然爆发,映射琵琶女感情的激烈迸发。杨、戴译则用“smashed”和“gushes”先后“瓶破、水迸”把两个物像紧密传递出来,“charge”冲锋,“clang”刀枪“鸣”,把原句表达的惟妙惟肖。许译的“Suddenly”表示原文的“乍”,即突然,然而在音效也有相似之处,而动词“burst”传达水迸一个物像,用“clash”表达刀枪“鸣”。为跟前半句的jar押韵,译者别有用心地将刀枪鸣改成是来自远处“come from a2far”,表明了译者追求“音美”的决心。从以上数例可以看出,两个译本各有特点,基本上做到忠实地再现原文。但笔者更倾向于许译本,译者在其“三美”翻译理论的指导下,既很好地体现了“意”,也兼顾了读者的“听觉”“视觉”。参考文献: [1]杨宪益,戴乃迭.古诗苑汉英译丛·唐诗.外文出版社,2003. [2]许渊冲.唐诗三百首.高等教育出版社,2000. [3]许渊冲.译学要敢为天下先.中国翻译,1999,(2). [4]许渊冲.翻译的艺术.中国对外翻译出版公司,1984. [5]饶凡子.中西比较文艺学.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1999. [6]姚柯夫.《人间诗话》及评论汇编.书目文献出版社,1983.