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般采用音译+解释法。这种翻译易于译文读者了解源语的文化,因为语汇中的文化蕴涵,表现出一个民族的价值观念,一个民族的经济生活,一个民族的文学传统等诸多方面,经过世代传承和积淀,有些凝结为一个民族的群体意识。如: 4.昔殷之兴也,伊挚在夏;周之兴也,吕牙在殷。In ancient history,the rise of Yin was due to Yi Zhi,who was former minister of Xia;and the rise of the ZhouDynasty was due to Jiang Ziya,the former minister ofShang.①210-211伊挚:伊尹,夏桀王之臣,助殷商灭夏。吕牙:吕尚,即姜子牙。原纣王之臣,后归周,助武王灭纣。只有经过这样的解释之后,译文读者才能清楚文中人物的具体所指了。 (三)音译+脚注法(transliteration+footnote)一些无法在目的语中找到对应项的概念,特别是表示乐器、药品、食品、人名、地名、工具、货币、计量单位等民族特有事物的名词,一般采用音译+脚注法。这种翻译简单明了,既便于使用又保留源语的民族色彩。 5.故智将务食于敌,食敌一钟,当吾二十钟;忌秆一石,当吾二十石。Hence a wise commander should strive to getprovisions in the enemy state.The consumption of onezhong of food from the enemy is equivalent to twentyzhong from his own land;and the consumption of one danof enemy fodder to twenty dan of his.①24-25Zhong:ancient Chinese unit of dry measure for food;dan:ancient Chinese unit of dry measure for grain. 6.故胜兵若以镒称铢,败兵若以铢称镒。A victorious army is like one yi balanced against onezhu,while a defeated army is like one zhu balanced a-gainst one yi.①52-53Yi:an ancient Chinese unit of weight,one yi is 24liang.(1 liang=50 grammes);zhu:an ancient Chinese u-nit of weight,one zhu is equal to 1/24 liang.镒(yi),古代重量单位,合24两或 20两,言其重:铢(zhu),古代重量单位,24铢为一两,言其轻。此处指实力悬殊。 7.故五行无常胜,四时无常位,日有短长,月有死生。It is just like Wuxing(the five elements),of whichnone is forever dominant,and the four seasons,of whichnone can last forever;and the days,which are,sometimeslong and sometimes short;and the moon,which sometimeswaxes and sometimes wanes.①84-85Wuxing:Classic Chinese philosophy calls Metal,Wood,Water,Fire and Earth the five elements.The five el-ements represent five states of forces of expansion or con-densation.五行:金、木、水、火、土为五行。中国古代认为五行相生相克,均不能独胜。 8.投之无所往者,诸、刿之勇也。But if you throw them into a position where there isno way for them to retreat,they will be undaunted,as braveas Zhuan Zhu or Cao Gui.①172-173Zhuan Zhu:a famous hero in the Spring and AutumnPeriod;Cao Gui:another famous hero in the same period. (四)归纳法归纳法是指用概括的条款来包含源语中所要表达的较多具体的条款,即,把具体化的东西归纳起来,其目的是为了不至于分散读者的注意力,突出重点要表达的内容。 9.胜者之战民也,若决积水于千仞之谿者,形也。The former has an obvious advantage over the latter.A general who will certainly win commands his men tofight with a force like the bursting of pent-up waters pour-ing down from a stream ten thousand feet high.This is thedisposition of actual military strength.①52-53仞(ren):古代长度单位,八尺为一仞:此句指犹如八千尺上之水,决堵而下,势不可挡。 (五)源语词汇义素拆分法语义成分分析是当代语义学的重要理论之一,它主张词义可以分解为独立的语义成分,如:“男孩”可以包括以下基本成分:1.男性;2.年龄大致在三至二十岁之间;3.一般未婚等。纽马克认为,翻译实际上包括了语义成分分析的转移。这种转移有三个过程:拆分、转移与合成。拆分指对源语成分的语义成分分析,转移指语义成分的移植过程,合成则是指以译语读者所能接受的形式将语义成分重新组合为译语词汇[3-4]。人们的翻译实践创造性运用和发挥了语义成分分析理论,他们根据具体的语境,聚焦源语中心词的形状、材料、功能、味觉或者颜色等某一侧面,成功地将它们改译,达到了良好的效果。 10.凡地有绝涧、天井、天牢、天罗、天陷、天隙、必亟去之,勿近也。When you encounter these dangerous situations,neverapproach them but avert them quickly:a deep ravine with aviolent torrent;a deep gully with dangerous cliffs around;ahemmed-in position as perilous as a prison where it is easyto enter it but difficult to get out;a position which is over-grown with grass and thickets;a low-lying marshy land anda narrow pass between two precipitous mountains.①118-119天井:四周高峻,中央低洼。天牢:天险环绕,易入难出。天罗:草木丛生,难以通行。天陷:低地泥泞,车骑易陷。天隙:山间峡谷,沟坑深长。以上实例表明,语义成分分析理论在翻译中确实大有用武之地,它在翻译实际应用中为东西文化的沟通架起了一座绚丽多彩的桥梁,消除了中国历史悠久的传统文化与西方读者之间的鸿沟。 三、结束语 文化负载词的翻译应该遵循一定的原则,吸取各种语言学理论指导其实践。但从总体上说,翻译活动更近似一门艺术,要恰如其分地处理好文化负载词汇在目的语中的转换以及在可能和适当的情况下介绍源语文化, 更重要的是要在不断的实践中积累经验。只有这样,我们翻译才能更接近理想的境界。奈达说:“由于译者本身就是翻译中的关键因素……因此在翻译的基本原则和过程方面,其作用也是至关重要的。”[5]译者是两种语言文化间的桥梁,但又不同与源语作者和目的语读者,其地位颇似威本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。