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ments on the plaza in the festivals,dancing andsinging.(英语强调语言形式的完整性。题中将汉语中省略的部分在译文中完全体现出来) (3)吃头两个菜时,也是赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静,吃完了这顿筵席,缺点都找出来了。译文:And you are full of praise when you are having the first two main courses.The more courses you have, the calmer you will become.At the end of the feast,you will have found all the demerits.(将汉语中省略的主语成分在译文中完整地一一对应出来。)　　五、减译法(omission)减译法是删去一些可有可无的、或者翻译出来反嫌累赘甚至违背译文习惯表达方式的部分。尤其冠词、连词、代词、关系副词等英语中的非实义词,在译为汉语时应当自然而然地采用减译法[1]。 (1)Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees.Although the leaves are gone and the branches arebare,the trees themselves are beautiful.译文:冬天是研究树木生长的最佳时节,虽然树叶落了,树枝光了,但树木本身却是美丽的。(冠词、连词、代词等在英语中经常使用,但译成汉语时几乎很少出现。本例中定冠词“the”被自然地省略了) (2)Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be;rather,they are them2selves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance,maintaining pretence and manipulating others.They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving,between being stupid and actingstupid,between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable.Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.Win2ners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge.译文:想象中自己应该是什么样的,成功者没将生命消耗在这种信念上。相反,他们活得很自我,因此不绞尽脑汁矫揉造作,不试图将他人玩弄于股掌之间。他们知道,真心关爱和虚情假意之间、真傻和装傻之间,真才实学和佯装有才之间界线分明。成功者无需掩藏自我。成功者勇于独立思考,敢于展示才华。(题中采取了减译法的翻译手法,将“their energy putting on a performance,maintaining pretence”减译为“矫揉造作”,可谓恰到好处“,译”笔生花) (3)Although winners can admire and respect other people,they are not totally defined,demolished,bound,or awed by them.译文:成功者尽管会钦佩他人,但他们从不为其所羁绊。(英语中有些词汇的细微差别是译语无法企及的,将“defined,demolished,bound,or awed by them”处理为“为其所羁绊”是基本符合原意的)　　六、正说反译,反说正译法(negation)在翻译实践中,为了使译文忠实而合乎语言习惯地传达原文的意思,有时必须把原文中的肯定说法变成译文中的否定说法,或把原文中的否定说法变成译文中的肯定说法[2]。 (1)我们的人民解放军无愧于伟大的人民军队的称号。译文:Our PLA is worthy of being called a great army of the people.(汉语中“无愧于”是用否定的形式表达肯定的意义,可以对应以肯定的译文形式) (2)All graduates from the Foreign Languages Institutes will not be appointed to do translation work.译文:外语院校的毕业生并非人人被分配去做翻译工作。(汉语的部分否定形式较之英语比较容易识别,可以正说反译) (3)Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26,and only half playfully judge their own livesas failures when they pass that year.译文:诗人约翰·济慈年仅26岁便溘然长逝,作家们对此深感惋惜。过了26岁之后,他们便不无戏谑地叹息自己一生无所作为。(英语和汉语的差别非常重要地体现在肯定说法和否定说法的表述上,可以按照语言习惯将否定“cannot bear”转换为肯定“深感惋惜”或将肯定“half playfully”转换为“不无戏谑”)　　七、分译法(division)分译法主要用于长句。为了使译文忠实、易懂,有时不得不把一个长句译成两句或更多的句子[2]。 (1)Elizabeth was determined to make no effort for conversation with a woman,who was now more than usua ly insolent and disagreeable.译文:伊丽莎白不肯再和这样一个女人说话,这个女人现在异常无礼,十分令人反感。(将定语从句“who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable”切分出来,重新组成一句,显得地道、流畅。) (2)It takes a while,as I watch the surf blowing up in fountains,but the moment comes when the world fallsaway,and the self emerges again from the deep unconscious,bringing back all I have recently experienced to be ex2plored and slowly understood.译文:自我的回归需要一点时间,当我遥望着如喷泉激起的水波,我感到周围世界在慢慢隐退,自我从深层无意识中再次显现,带回我刚刚经历过的一切,让我去探究,去领悟。(强调动作的连续发生) (3)So all the human put on the nature deep dependence,especially in the countryside,where the people havebeen living the same life for thousands of years.译文:大自然对人的恩赐,无论贫富,一律平等。所以人们对于大自然,全部一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间,上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。(英语中擅长运用定语从句、状语从句等句式叠加而成的长句、套句,翻译时我们可以将其分割为若干个短句,以利于汉语读者的理解)　　八、语态变换法(the change of the voices)英语大量使用被动语态,而汉语则很少使用,因此在英汉互译中,需要经常变换语态,以使译文符合习惯用法,显得地道而自然[2]。 (1)The coming physics examination is said to be rather difficult,so we must get