论英语典故与习语的来源与翻译 [8]
论文作者:林英梅论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-09编辑:黄丽樱点击率:12287
论文字数:6490论文编号:org200904091549243842语种:中文 Chinese地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:idiomsallusiontranslation methods习语神话典故翻译方法
. But now along with the change of peasants’ social position, the cultural information of peasants has been changed. At present, the word “farmers” is more appropriate to refer to the Chinese “农民” than the word “peasants”. So we say different times have different translated editions. Just as Nida said “A translated work, no matter how much it approaches the original work, its life is no more than 50 years”. [11] It is also the reason why there are massive retranslations of a same source text over and over again.
In addition, both idioms in Chinese and English take root in myth, fable, and allusion and so on. This kind of idioms may be called the literary idioms. So it is worth drawing out the original literary plots when necessary. It can be clearly seen in the below examples:
(13) Helen of Troy绝色美女;
(14) The Trojan horse特洛伊木马;
(15) Between Scylla and Charybdis which means being attacked front and rear, in a dilemma进退维谷and so on.
3.2.3 Borrowing
Do a single observation and research in Chinese and English idioms carefully, we can discover that a few Chinese and English idioms have the same form and connotation. Some even have the same significance and construction. This is because these two languages and cultures have similarity, so we may translate each other mutually.
(16) Take “burn one’s boat” for example. The story is: in 55BC of the ancient Rome, when great Caesar commanded his troops to cross the Rubicon, he issued an order to fire the boats to express their determination “not wins, rather die”. This is similar to a Chinese idiom:破釜沉舟which means “break the cauldrons and sink the boats (after crossing)”.[11] The overlord Xiang Yu in the Spring and Autumn Period did it to let his subordinate be determined to win. These two idioms carry the same cultural connotation, and are used to express the identical meaning-- setting firm resolution to win. So when translating idioms like this, to adopt the synonymy idioms in Chinese is better. Such cultural phenomenon is called cultural overlaps. Borrowing the similar images in the target language culture to replace the original images is much easier to understand for the target language readers. There are some interesting examples as follow:
(17) Premier Zhou accompanied with the foreign guests to enjoy the famous play Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai. The interpreter tried his best to explain the love story for the foreigner, but he failed. While Premier Zhou said: they are Romeo and Juliet in China, and this suddenly enlightened the foreign guests. Premier Zhou had just borrowed the image in the foreigners’ culture. So they can understand the love story without any difficulty.
(18) Yang Yuhuan, who is familiar to Chinese while not to the foreigner. We can explain it like that: She was Helen of Troy in China.
(19) Damon and Pythias, which some men urge to translate it directly, while other men believe that translating it into men believe friendship unto death (莫逆之交) or friends who are willing to die for one another (刎颈之交)is better because the majority of Chinese do not know Damon and Pythias.[12] The author believes that explaining them into Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya in Chinese may enable the Chinese easily to understand.
In order to avoid the misunderstanding and inviting ridicule, translators had better not use this method without thinking. As a result of difference between Chinese and English, some idioms in one kind of culture are self-evident. But it is very difficult to unde
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