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The manifestation of losing identity recognition is the loss of life motivation. For alienated individuals, they cannot feel their own mental power in their actions. Their actions are not based on their own rationality. The disconnect between the individual and the sense of identity leads to a feeling of powerlessness.

Therefore, rebuilding a sense of identity is one of the reasons for Caldwell’s success in combating alienation. According to Fromm’s theory, a sense of identity is a necessity for the individual. “Man, being torn away from nature, being endowed with rationality and imagination, needs to form a concept of himself, needs to say and to feel: I am I. Because he is not lived, but lives, because he has lost the original unity with nature, has to make decisions, is aware of himself and of his neighbor as different persons, he must be able to sense himself as the subject of his actions.” (Fromm, 2008: 59) As mentioned above, individuals need to feel that they are the subject of their actions.

Caldwell’s key to rebuilding a sense of identity is to feel spiritually powerful. On one hand, taking on more social responsibilities allows Caldwell to feel his subjectivity and spiritual power. Caldwell has the ability to overcome adversity. As a result, he no longer has to suppress his pain. Caldwell’s somatization disorder also disappears. On the other hand, Caldwell always seek to escape from reality through fantasy. But this fantasy is useless, and running away from reality changes nothing. After assuming social responsibility and facing reality, Caldwell feels his own subjectivity and sense of identity.

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Conclusion

As one of the most outstanding contemporary American writers, John Updike has high accomplishment in writing skills, literary genres and narrative skills. And he also has great achievements in describing contemporary social phenomena and typical characters. Today, many ordinary individuals are facing various difficulties. In order to cope with the difficulties, they have to force themselves to adapt to social reality. The forced changes cause intense conflict between their subjective consciousness and the demands of society. If individuals choose to submit to the social norm, they will gradually lose their senses of self. Behaviors and consequences of behaviors become their masters of the individual. The loss of self-mind means alienation. Alienated individuals no longer feel their own power and will. They are no longer the center of their own world. The alienation has emerged as a significant issue that contemporary people have to confront. In The Centaur, Caldwell is a typical epitome of this phenomenon. Like many individuals in modern society, he also endures negative impacts of alienation.

Psychologist Erich Fromm notices the prevalent psychological problems in modern society. He conducts in-depth research on the basis of his predecessors and he points out that alienated individuals have distinct characteristics. They are pathological. Individuals who experience alienation exhibit distinct characteristics. They are often described as having pathological tendencies, marked by pervasive feelings of insec本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。