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side ; On earthflowering springs , on the same branch.根据 “目的论” 的观点 ,原文只是译文的一个信息来源 , “译者不可能像原文作者那样提供同样数量或同样性质的信息” 。 [4 ]79所以 ,在翻译的过程中 ,译者必须根据目的语接受者的需求 ,以传递信息为最高指导思想 ,采取适当的翻译策略。该例中的文化信息体现在引自白居易《长恨歌》中的两句诗 “在天愿作比翼鸟 ,在地愿为连理枝” 。我们姑且不说译文译得如何 ,但对于旅游资料中出现的这些诗词 ,要么省译 ,要么进行改译 ,也就是说不按照诗歌翻译的标准去翻译 ,只需译出其意味即可。之所以这样处理 ,正是考虑到译语语篇的指示功能。在这一段文本语言中 ,原文引用该诗句无非是想形容玄宗和杨贵妃之间的那种海枯石烂的爱慕之情。笔者认为 ,译者可以将 “在天愿作比翼鸟 ,在地愿为连理枝” 所表达的大意进行改写 ,以突出玄宗和贵妃之间的那种海枯石烂的坚贞爱情。试改译如下:The Hall of Longevity , whose relics are still there at Mount Li , was where Emperor Xuanzong and Y ang Guifeiv owed to love each other for age. The love of Emperor Xuanzong was featured by that of an ordinary man for his lover ,not in the least tainted by an imperious and domineering attitude. They loved each other to a degree that y ou cannotimagine and nothing could separate them from each other.通过这个例子的分析 ,改译的译文更好地整合了原文中传递的主要信息 ,不仅提高了译文的可读性 ,也为译文读者留下了丰富的想象空间。
(2)桂林诸山 ,皆拔地而起 ,奇峰罗列 ,形态万千 ,所谓 “天外奇峰排玉笋 ,云山万里剑千重”,乃是最贴切的写照。山中多岩洞 ,洞内石柱、石笋、石钟乳 ,石花等组成各种景物 ,光怪陆离 ,琳琅满目。洞景、山色、古迹题刻 ,耐人观赏 ,趣味无穷。桂林的著名山峰有独秀峰、叠彩山、伏波山、象鼻山、七星山和骆驼山等。 [4 ]405译文:Rising sheer from the ground , the many picturesque peaks at Guilin show a variety of shapes. This led anancient poet to describe the scenery in these lines : Fairyland peaks stand like rows of jade bamboo shoots , A thousandsharp swords under a vast sea of clouds. There are many caves in the hills here in which are found a glorious array offantastic stalagmites and stalactites and other interesting rock formations such as huge stone pillars and flowers. Aftervisiting the peaks and caves , Marshal Chen Y i who for many years was Minister of F oreign Affairs in China wrote thefollowing poem: The rivers are blue satin ribbons , The hills ornaments of green jade , Secluded are the caves deep anddewy , Everywhere a glorious g orgeous sight . The picturesque hills and caves whose attractiveness is enhanced by thepresence of many historic sites and carved inscriptions are where one would like to linger on and on to drink in the in2chanting beauty of nature. Of the hills of Guilin , the most famous are S olitary Beauty Peak , F olded C olours Hill , Ele2phant Trunk Hill , Seven Star Hill and Camel Hill .汉语在作情景描述时 ,常常渗入作者本人的情感、感受与观点 ,用词或绚丽华美 ,习惯于对 “实” 的情景作 “虚” 的夸张 ,以渲染情景氛围 ,如 “奇峰罗列 ,形态万千” 、 “光怪陆离 ,琳琅满目” 、 “耐人观赏 ,趣味无穷” 。这些四字格是大家公认的难以翻译的要素。与此相反的是 ,英语中的景物描写大多实景实写 ,忠实于客观表达自然和社会。由于译者难以在目的语中找到相应的词汇 ,所以在翻译过程中 ,译者就必须对原文中的信息内容进行 “避虚就实” 处理 ,只作 “实” 的描写 ,而省译 “虚” 的夸张 ,以保证译文的可读性。试改译如下:Rising sheer from the ground , the many picturesque peaks at Guilin show a variety of shapes. In the hills thereare many caves in which are displayed a glorious array of fantastic rock formations such as huge stone pillars and flow2ers. The picturesque hills and caves whose attractiveness is enhanced by the presence of many historic sites and carvedinscriptions are als o g ood place to enjoy oneself . Besides , there are various famous hills for sightseeing.改译的译文中 ,笔者用 “a variety of shapes” 来替代 “奇峰罗列 ,形态万千”,用 “a glorious array of fantasticrock formations” 来替代 “光怪陆离 ,琳琅满目”,将抽象概念的具体化。这样势必可以让译者更为理解原文所展现的主要信息。 (3)张桓侯祠 ,又称张桓侯庙 ,俗称 “张飞庙”,在四川云阳县城外 ,濒临长江南岸的飞凤山麓 ,是祭祀三国时蜀汉名将张飞的寺庙。张飞死后谥 “桓侯”,故名。译文: P opularly known as the Temple of Zhang Fei , this memorial edifice was officially named Zhang’ Huan’Hou’ Ci in Chinese , red on G eneral Zhang Fei and ci meaning memorial temple. Nestling at the foot of Flying phoenixMountain on the s outh bank of t