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摘要:当今翻译研究的重心正在向语言外部研究偏移。这说明翻译过程中不仅要注重语言层面的转换，还要把其他因素，诸如译语语境中的文化、历史、审美价值观等考虑在内。许多西方学者都致力于翻译中的语言外部研究，勒费弗尔就是其中之一。勒费弗尔提出了四类操控文学翻译的因素：赞助人、诗学、论域以及意识形态。本文考察的重点是意识形态的操控。
      任何翻译活动皆是有原因的,或有一定的目的性、功利性,为特殊团体服务,为一政治目的服务,为一经济利益服务。翻译文本的选择很大程度上取决于译入语的意识形态,同时对意识形态的发展也有一定的影响。      本文研究的是意识形态对1898至1937年间中国翻译文学选材的影响，分为两个阶段进行论述。第一个阶段是清末民初时期（1989－1919）。这一时期中国社会正经历着过渡性的大变迁。甲午战败，严重的民族危机激发起中国民众强烈的爱国热情。许多有识士要求学习西方，改良国家。在改良社会的这种社会意识形态影响下，外国小说作为改革政治的工具被大量引进。而其中政治小说、侦探小说和科幻小说，由于内容新颖，并能起到启迪民智的作用，备受青睐，构成晚清小说全体之关键。第二个阶段是五四时期（1920－1937）。当时中国社会经历了清政府灭亡，民国成立，五四运动等一系列变革，中国文学翻译出现了一次高潮。这次与俄罗斯解放运动紧密联系的俄国文学成了翻译的主流。十月革命让处在半殖民地半封建社会的中国知识分子看到曙光，开始了不同程度的意识形态转型。抱着“文学为人生”思想的文学研究会翻译了大量外国现实主义的作品，其中俄国作家作品成为主要的翻译对象，想通过对俄罗斯文学的译介探寻出中国前进的道路。同时，阶级的观点和中国处于帝国主义残酷压榨和侵略的现实让文学研究会的成员对被损害民族的文学开始密切关注。另一方面，主张“为艺术而艺术’，的创造社，着意翻译的是外国浪漫主义作家作品。这些都说明“五四’，后的文学翻译仍然是在不同意识形态的干预下筛选不同流派不同国别的作品翻译。
     从本文的论述我们可以看出，在上个世纪这个动荡的年代，由于特殊的政治需求，大量的外国文学涌入我国，然而由于不同的政治历史环境和意识形态的转变，这两个阶段所选择的外国作品又表现出各自的特点。通过这两个关键时期文学翻译的宏观对比，可以使我们进一步明确翻译研究的文化方向，明确翻译尤其是其选材其实不是一项单纯的工作，而是跟人的政治意识形态有着极密切的关系。
ABSTRACT:The emphasis of translation studies is shifting from linguistic studies toextralinguistic studies,which indicates that translation is far from a practice of bilingualtransfer,and that many other factors are involved in the process of translation such asculture,history,aesthetic value as well as ideology in the target language context.AndreLefevere is one of the western scholars who have been devoted to extralinguistic studies.He puts forward four important constraints under which translators operate.They arepoetics,patronage,universe of discourse as well as ideology.The study focuses on theconstraint of ideology
   Any translating activity has its purpose and is utilitarian,serving for certainpolitical purpose.The selection of source texts for translation largely depends on thesocial ideologyThe present thesis researched the influences of ideology on the selection of sourcetexts for translation from 1898 to 1937.The whole period was divided into two phases:the late Qing and early ROC period(1898-1919)and the May 4thperiod(1920-1937).
    During the first period,China was undergoing significant changes.The failure of Sino-Japanese war and serious national crisis inspired Chinese people’s patriotism.Manyintellectuals required to learn from the west and to reform the country.Influenced bythis social ideology,foreign novels as a kind of political tools were introduced,amongwhich political novels,detective fictions and science fictions were preferred for theirnovelty content and educational function.A series of reforms caused another translationclimax in the May 4thperiod.October Revolution showed a bright way for Chinesepeople,thus Russian literature became the mainstream of translation.LiteratureResearch Association translated large amounts of realism works in the hope of finding away out for China.Meanwhile,special attention was paid to literature of oppressednations which shared similar national conditions with China.On the other hand,Creation Society,advocating“art for art’s sake”,translated many romanticism works.This proved that the selection of different genres and countries in May 4thperiod wasinfluenced by different ideologies.    From the above analysis,the conclusion can be reached that large amounts ofliterary works were introduced into China in the early 20thcentury.However,due todifferent politi本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。