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rdial co ntemp t by his peer s;now t hat co ntemp t was no lo nger co rdial.　长期以来,他的同僚虽然看不起他,却还是对他有些亲切感;现在,除了看不起之外,连亲切感也没有了。3)That officer stoo d t here wit h folded arms,silent,o bserving t he wo rk of his subo rdinates.　那军官抱着手站在那儿,也不说话,只是在看着他的手下干活。3.名词1)He shoo k his head and his eyes were wide,t hen narrowed in indignatio n.　他摇摇头,双目睁得圆圆的,接着又眯成一条线,脸上露出了愤怒的神色。2)His info rmalit y imp ressed me deeply.　不拘礼节,这是他给我留下的深刻印象。3)The inside of each apart ment depended o n t he per so nalit y of it s occupant s.　室内如何摆设,这就要看每个套间的居住者的个性了。 (三)把原文中的某个短语译成句子,是原文的一个句子成分译成两个或两个以上的句子1.名词短语1)Lower temperat ure are associated wit h lower growt h rates.　温度一降低,生长率就会变慢。2)The Cuban missile crisis burst upo n a f rightened wo rld.　古巴的导弹危机突然爆发,整个世界为之震惊。3)Energy can neit her be created no r dest royed,a universally accep ted law.　能量既不能创造也不能被消灭,这是一条普遍公认的规律。2.介词(前置词)短语1)It goes wit ho ut saying t hat o xygen is t he mo st active element in t he at mo sp here.　氧使大气层中最活跃的元素,这是不言而喻的。2)They had to give up t he p ro gram fo r lack of invest ment f unds.　因为缺乏投资资金,他们只好放弃了这项计划。3)He arrived in Washingto n at a ripe mo ment internatio nally.　他来到华盛顿,就国际形势来说,时机正合适。4)Event ually,mo re as a last hope tan wit h any real co nfidence in a result,a sub-co mmit tee was fo rmedto t ry to reco ncile differences bet ween t hem.　最后,成立了一个小组,试图调节他们之间的分歧。这是最后一点希望,其实大家对其结果并无真正的信心。3.分词短语1)There are many kinds of ato ms,differing in bot h mass and p roperties.　原子种类很多,质量与性质却都不相同。2)She sat wit h her hands cupping her chin,staring at bo x o n t he table.　她坐在那儿双手托着下巴,眼睛盯着桌上的那只箱子。3)He sat in front of them,dressed in a plain,ill-fitting suit,never moving,his dusty face masking his age.　他就坐在他们前面,穿这一套不合身的便服,一动也不动。他风尘满面,让人看不出他的年龄。综上所述,分句译法是英汉翻译中协调原文内容与译文形式的有效手段,它不仅适用于一般的简单句,也适用于结构复杂的长句。以上的句子长度经过调整后,译文体现了汉语“流水型”句式结构的特点,不仅符合了汉语的表达习惯,也符合了汉语读者阅读鉴赏的审美心理。三、合句法在英汉翻译中的运用所谓合句法,是指把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。[8](P109)合句法是翻译中调整句子长度的又一有效方法。合句法在英汉翻译中的运用,目的也是为了使译文符合汉语表达习惯。合句法使用得当,可使译文词句简练,明白易懂且语气连贯,一气呵成。合句法具体常用于以下几种情况。 (一)以汉语的连接手段将两个或数个语气连贯的英语短句合译为一个汉语句子处理这种情况的方法,通常是根据原文各句之间的逻辑关系,在译文句与句之间加上汉语连接词如“而”“还”“、也”“、(既)又......,又(要)......”“因为”“、可是”等。例如:1)He was very clean.His mind was open.　他为人单纯而坦率2)My 15 st udent s read Emerso n,Tho reau and Huxley.They kep t diaries.They wrote term paper s.　我教的15名学生读了爱默生、格洛和赫胥黎的作品,记了笔记,还写了学期论文。3)He wo uld miss many t hings and many people.He wo uld miss Celia.　她会想念许许多多往事、许许多多朋友,也会想念他的西莉亚。4)Darkness fell.A n explo sio n shoo k t he eart h.It did not shake his will to go to t he f ro nt.　夜幕降临时,一声爆炸声震动了大地,可是并没有动摇他上前线的决心。5)The yo ung man was very miserable.He had no mo ney abo ut him.All his savings had been stolen.　这个年轻人很惨,已落到身无分文的地步,因为他所有的积蓄都被窃走了。 (二)将原文中的一个句子紧缩为译文中另一句子的组成部分英语有时会以两个或数个逻辑关系较为密切的短句来表述某一事物,其中各句之间有主次关系之分。在这种情况下,若以相对应的汉语短句来翻译原文,译文语义往往会显得松散且主次不分,这时我们可根据原文的逻辑关系和汉语的表达习惯,将原文上下文中相对次要的句子紧缩为想对主要的句子的组成部分,通常紧缩为状语、定语及同位语等。例如:1)It was Ap ril 1945.The Seco nd Wo rld War was co ming to an end.　1945年4月,第二次世界大战已接近尾声。(缩为状语)2)She had to go back ho me to loo k af ter her husband.He was serio usly ill.　她得回家照料病重的丈夫。(缩为定语) 3)His fat her became t he mayo r of t he cit y.He was a murderer in t he Seco nd Wo rld War.　她的父亲,二战中的一个刽子手,竟当上了这个城市的市长。(缩为同位语) (三)简化原文句子结构译为汉语的一个简单句由于英语句子通常比汉语句子包含的成分多、复杂,有时按原文汉译,译文句子成分显得过于繁琐、累赘,体现不出汉语“短小精悍”的特点。因此,原文中的英语复合句有时需要调整,简化结构,译为汉语的简单句。例如:1)What she said made me t hink a lot.　她的话让我想了很多。2)When I came to t he summit,I became very excited.　到达峰顶时我兴奋极了。3)When we p raise t he Chinese leader ship and t he people,we are not merely being polite.　我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。4)T