从符号学的意义观探讨英译《阿Q正传》的几个问题 [2]
论文作者:王青华 论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-10编辑:黄丽樱点击率:2540
论文字数:3187论文编号:org200904102356362763语种:中文 Chinese地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:符号学指称意义言内意义语用意义杨宪益、戴乃迭
似乎并没有显示源语中的蔑视之意,因此笔者建议将“一伙人”翻译为“The gang”,似乎更加妥当。
4.言内意义与译文分析
言内意义是体现符号与符号之间的句法关系的一种意义,它包括语言在语音、词汇、语法上的排列组合上体现出来的意义。这种意义常常与文化关系密切。
例5:
传的名目很多:列传,自传,内传,外传,别传,家传,小传 ,可惜都不合。“列传”么,这一篇并非和许多阔人排在“正史”里;“自传”么,我又并非就是阿Q。说是“外传”,“内传”在哪里呢?倘用“内传”, 阿Q又决不是神仙。“别传”呢,阿Q实在未曾有大总统上谕宣付国史馆立“本传”——虽说英国正史上并无“博徒列传”,而文豪跌更司也做过《博徒列传》这一部书,但文豪则可,在我辈却不可的。其次是“家传”, 则我既不知与阿Q是否同宗,也未曾受他的子孙的拜托;或“小传”,则阿Q又更无别的“大传”了。
杨译为:
There are many types of biographies: official biographies, autobiographies, unauthorized biographies,legends,supplementary biographies, family histories, sketches but unfortunately none of these suited my purpose. “Official biography?” This account will obviously not be included with those of many eminent people in some authentic
history.“Autobiography?”But I am obviously not Ah Q. If I were to call this an “unauthorized biography,” then where is his “authenticated biography”? The use of “legend” is impossible, because Ah Q was no legendary figure.“Supplementary biography”? But no president has ever ordered the National Historical Institute to write a “standard life” of Ah Q. It is true that although there are no “lives of gamblers” in authentic English history, the famous author Conan Doyle nevertheless wrote Rodney Stone; but while this is permissible for a famous author it is not permissible for such as I. Then there is the “family history”; but I do not know whether I belong to the same family as Ah Q or not, nor his children ever entrusted me with such a task. If I were to use “sketch”, it might be objected that Ah Q has no “complete account.”
这里作者交代了给阿Q作传的缘起,批判了“正名论”,讽刺了遗老遗少保存“国粹”的主张。因此,源语中运用了大量的反义词,来进行对比,如“内传”、“外传”,“小传”、“大传”,“正史”、“别传”,增强了文章的感染力和战斗力。杨译中“内传”被译为“legend” 或者 “authenticated biography”;“外传” 被译为 “unauthorized biography”,这显得很灵活。但是从言内意义的角度上来看,“内传”翻译成“authenticated biography”而非“legend”,更能与源语对等。“小传”译为 “sketch”,“大传”译为“complete account”, 体现了词语的基本意义。然而从言内意义的角度分析,似乎不能对等,如果 “小传” 译为 “short sketch,“大传”译为“long sketch”,恐怕更能在言内意义上实现对等。
5.小结
本文从符号学的意义观理论,对翻译名家杨宪益、戴乃迭英译《阿Q正传》中的几个值得商榷的问题进行了分析,期望与学界同仁进行探讨。
翻译是一个不断发展的过程,由于翻译的标准不同,也决定译本的不同,这正如名家所述“一千个读者,就有一千个哈姆雷特”。杨宪益、戴乃迭英译文仍然是翻译的经典,同时我们也可以探索不同的译本。从符号学的理论上讲,译者需不断追求,挖掘符号的意义,争取最大程度的等值。
参考文献:
[1]Dostert. L. 1964. Theory of Semiotics. London: Prentice Hall.
[2]Eco, U. 1979. A Theory of Semiotics. Bloomington: Indiana Universit
y Press.
[3]罗进德. 1988, 略论符号学的翻译理论,《中国翻译》.
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