汉语成语翻译的若干方法 [8]
论文作者:沈培贤 论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-10编辑:黄丽樱点击率:11175
论文字数:6573论文编号:org200904102305512499语种:中文 Chinese地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:汉语成语英语习语翻译文化内涵源语Chinese idiomsEnglish idiomstranslationculture connotationoriginal language
e two states were stalled because the ruler of Chu hesitates to send troops, Mao Sui approached him, brandishing a sword. In that situation, the ruler of Chu agrees to help Zhao, against Qin.
So the Chinese use “毛遂自荐” to mean that “to volunteer one’s service”
⑷“一鼓作气” —— Rousing the spirits with the first drum roll
During the spring and autumn period, an army from the state of Qi confronted one from the state of Lu. After the first roll of drums from the Qi side to summon Lu to battle, the Lu ruler wanted to attack. But his counselor Cao Gui said “we should wait until the third drum roll, sire.” after the Qi side had beaten the drums three times, the Lu army attacked and defeated the Qi army. After the battle, the king asked Cao Gui the reasons for his odd advice. Cao Gui answered, “fighting needs spirit. Their spirit was aroused by the first roll or the drums, but was depleted by the second. And it was completely exhausted by the third. We started to attack when their spirit was exhausted. That’s why we won.”
So, later, this idiom means, “to get something done with one sustained effort.”
2.2.4 Omission
Ms Hu Aiping has mentioned that “汉语成语有些是对偶词组,前后两对含义相同,修辞上优美匀称,尤其是在四字结构的成语中,多呈现‘同义反复’的现象。这种现象在崇尚简洁的英语中是最忌讳的。”[12]P69 (Some Chinese idioms are the matched phrases. The meanings of the two pairs of words are same. They are exquisite and symmetrical in rhetoric. Particularly the four characters structure idioms present the phenomenon of ‘tautology’. This kind of phenomenon is a taboo in English, which advocate succinctness.)
The images in Chinese idioms are vivid. Many idioms have the compound anti
thesis structure. Though their explanations are different, the concealed meanings are same. Regarding this kind of idiom translation, In order to avoid “tautology “, translating the meaning of image is ok.
For example:
⑴近朱者赤,近墨者黑 —— One who stays near vermilion gets stained red./When you touch red,you become red. There are some similar expressions in the English speaking countries: “one takes the behavior of one’s company.” or “one takes on the attributes of one’s associates.” or “watch the company you keep.”
⑵“无影无踪”,whose meaning is “to vanish without a trace”, the meaning of “无影”is “without an image”, “无踪”means “without a trace”. Hence, “without a trace” is enough to express the whole meaning of this idiom.
⑶忽闻有人在牡丹亭畔,长吁短叹。(罗贯中《三国演义》)—— suddenly he heard a rustle in the peony pavilion and someone sighing deeply.
Here, “长吁” and “短叹” have the same meaning of “sighing deeply”.
⑷“这断子绝孙的阿Q!”远远地听得小尼姑的带哭的声音。(鲁迅《阿Q正传》)——“ Ah Q, may you die sonless! ” Sounded the little nun’s voice tearfully in the distance.
In the translation, “die sonless” can express the meanings of both “断子” and “绝孙”.
⑸她只觉得头晕眼花,辨不出路径 —— She felt too dizzy to remember the way she had come. In Chinese, “头晕” and “眼花” have the same meaning of “dizzy”.
The similar idioms are:
⑹愁眉苦脸 —— Gloomy faces
⑺天长地久 —— Eternal like skies
⑻五光十色 —— Multicolored
⑼生龙活虎 —— Bursting with energy
⑽字斟句酌 —— Weigh every word
3.Conclusion:
Nevertheless, translation methods are not fixed. One Chinese idiom may be translated in several different ways. Proper translations are to be chosen by consideration of various contexts and readers’ acceptability.
Mr.Tan Zaixi has expressed Eugene A. Nida’s view as follows: “任何能用一种语言表达的东西都能够用另一种语言来表达;在语言之间,文化之间能通过寻找翻译对等语,以适当方式重组原文形式和寓意结构来进行交际。”[13]P20(Everything that can be expressed in one language also can be translated into another language. We ca
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