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a sentence, so the translated version of this adverbial clause do not need to be changed to another position. Thus, the translate version should be “吃饭之前，我出去看看叔叔有没有回来。” (23)He knocked at the door, and, having heard no sound from inside, began to shout. In this sentence, there are three verbs: “knock”, “hear”, and “shout”. After reading this sentence, we can find out that the three verbs are arranged in time sequence, as is the way verbs are arranged in Chinese sentences. Thus, when translating this sentence, the word order need not be changed, and it should be translated as followed: “他敲了敲门，听到里面没有声音，就开始喊。” 3.4.2 Reverse translation Most of English sentence are, because of the thinking habit of Englishmen, different in word order, phrase order or clause order from Chinese sentences. Some sentences are completely reversed according to Chinese grammar. Translating these sentences, as a result, requires the translator, first, to put the reversed segments in the normal order based on Chinese grammar. This is called reverse translation. (24)He picked up the book his mother gave him. This sentence contains an attributive clause to modify the noun “the book”, but we know that in Chinese, modifiers are generally put before the noun it modifies. So, in the translated sentence, the attributive clause should be put before the noun. However, there is an exception. If the attributive clause is too long, it is not proper to put the translated clause before the noun. This is because, if thus translated, the translated version would sound too awkward based on Chinese grammar. The details of this kind of translation will be discussed later. So, the translated version of the above example is “他拿起了妈妈给他的那本书。” 3.4.3 Reverse-and-obverse translation Some sentences in English contain both the segments that are the same in word order as Chinese and those segments, which are different. So, in translating these sentences, the former should be translated by using obverse translation, and the latter should employ reverse translation. Both reverse and obverse translation should be employed to translate different parts of the sentence. (25)As Tom is at present writing a report, the book you gave him should be of much help to him. In this sentence, “As Tom is at present writing a report” is an adverbial clause indicating the cause, and “the book you gave him should be of much help to him” is the effect, so the sentence structure in general is the same as a Chinese sentence. However, this sentence also contains an attributive clause used to modify the noun “book”. As has been discussed before, the attributive clause should be put before the noun it modifies. In this case, both obverse and reverse translation is used in translating this sentence. The translated sentence is “他正在写报告，所以你给他的那本书一定对他有帮助。” Most of the long sentences in English are of this type, that is, requiring both obverse and reverse translation. So, it is required of the translator to first analyze the structure of the sentence and then understand the meaning of the sentence. The nest step is to translate the sentence in the correct order and in the common way of expression in Chinese. 3.4.4 Component translation Component translation is generally used in attributive-clause translation, provided that the attributive clause is relatively too long to be put before the noun in the translated version, and on the condition that the attributive is not so closely related to the main clause in me