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n’s life has become dependent upon the apparatus whichproves ruinous to mankind at one and the same time by its perfectionment and by itsbreakdown”(62).That being said,technology has the potential to enhance human capabilities,but simultaneously it also poses a threat by undermining them.This detrimental impact maynot be as overt as warfare or violence,but rather lies concealed within the essence ofhumanity.As individuals become increasingly regulated and influenced by technologicalrationality,there is an unprecedented distortion of human nature and suppression of spirit.Consequently,the intrinsic qualities of love,passion,and sensibility are diminished withinindividuals.In Eros and Civilization,Marcuse points out that in the process of technologicalrationality,“the domain of the instincts,sensuousness,[is]considered as eternally hostile anddetrimental to reason”(160).In other words,in the technological society,men’s instinct andsensibility is expelled.People who have lost their senses cannot perceive the joy and meaningof life,and do not know what makes life truly more enjoyable.As Tirosh-Samuelson indicates,technological rationality“technologizes our deepest values,including our understanding ofhappiness and perfection”(215).Therefore,individuals,immersed in the ocean of technology,is losing their personal perception and experience of life.

2.2 Estrangement of Interpersonal Relationship

According to Karl Marx,“the estrangement of man,and in fact every relationship inwhich man stands to himself,is first realized and expressed in the relationship in which a man stands to other men”(Economic and Philosophic 79).In the situation that individuals areestranged by technological rationality,the erosion of interpersonal relationship is inevitable.In Generosity,in the world presented by Powers,it seems that men are tied together by thehuge Internet which offers a great efficiency to their connection.However,although the wholeworld is“hyperlinked”,people are emotionally detached.The pursuit of technologicaladvancement and opportunities for fame overshadow the trust and sincerity that underliehuman interactions.Technology has turned society into a giant robot.And within this intricatemachinery of society,interpersonal connections have become as impersonal and detached asthe gears themselves.Therefore,in the novel,Powers questions the alienated interpersonalrelationship caused by technological rationality.The relationship between human beings,which exhibits indications of potential disintegration at any given moment,is replaced andcovered up by the relationship between objects.Despite the convenience of interpersonalcommunication,the spiritual distance between people is getting farther,leading to a pervasivesense of alienation in society.This phenomenon extends beyond friendships,romanticrelationships,familial bonds,and neighborly connections,not to mention interactions amongstrangers.

Chapter Three Challenge to Technological Rationality ............................ 49

3.1 Artists’ Voice of Resistance ............................ 49

3.2 Stone’s Revival of Happiness ............................ 53

Conclusion .................................. 61

Chapter Three Challenge to Technological Rationality

3.1 Artists’Voice of Resistance

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