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Chapter One 4
Literature Review 4
1.1 A Brief Review of the Development of the Translation Studies 4
1.2 Andre Lefevere’s Manipulation Theory 6
1.2.1 Translation as Rewriting and Manipulation by Andre Lefevere 6
1.2.2 Cultural Manipulation Factors in Translation 8
Chapter Two 11
Cultural Manipulation Factors Related to Yan Fu’s Translation Activity 11
2.1 The Ideology in Yan Fu’s Era 11
2.1.1 Collective Ideology 11
2.1.2 Yan Fu’s Personal Ideology 13
2.2 The Poetics in Yan Fu’s Era 15
2.2.1 Collective Poetics 15
2.2.2 Yan Fu’s Personal Poetics 18
Chapter Three 19
Yan Fu’s Thoughts on Choice of Originals under Cultural Manipulation 19
3.1 Yan Fu’s Cultural Purpose 19
3.2 Yan Fu’s Choice of Originals 23
Chapter Four 28
Yan Fu’s Thoughts on His Translation Strategies 28
under Cultural Manipulation 28
4.1 Manipulation on Language of Originals 29
4.1.1 Employment of Classical Chinese 29
4.1.2 Application of Rhetoric Device 30
4.2 Manipulation on Form of Originals 34
4.2.1 The Change of Narrative Person 34
4.2.2 Chapter Rearrangement 35
4.3 Manipulation on Contents of Originals 36
4.3.1 Adaptation 36
4.3.2 Deletion 39
4.3.3 Annotation 40
Conclusion 46
Acknowledgements 49
Bibliography 50
Appendix 53

Bibliography
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4. Bassnett, Susan. & Lefevere, Andre. ed. Constructing Cultures: Essays on Literary Translation [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2002.
5. Eagleton, Terry. Ideology: An Introduction [M]. London & New York: Verso, 1991.
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8. Hermans, Theo (ed.). The Manipulation of Literature: Studies in Literary Translation [M]. London: Croom Helm Ltd, 1985.
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10. Huxley, T.H. Evolution and Ethics [M]. https:// many books, 1894.
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13. Lefevere, Andre. Translating Literature: The German Tradition: From Luther to Rosenzweig [M]. Adsterdam: Van Gorcum, 1977.
14. Lefevere, Andre. “Translation Studies: The Goal of the Discipline” in James S. Holmes, Jose Lambert and Raymond van den Broeck(eds) Literature and Translation : New Perspectives in Literary Stuides with a Basic Bibliography of Books on Translation Studies. Leuven, Belgium. 1978.
15. Lefevere, Andre. “System Thinking and Cultural Relativism”, Jadavpur Jaurnal of
Comparative Literature, 26(7), 1988.
16. Lefevere, Andre. Translating