英语论文网

摘要：“大” 是汉语中的一个普通词 ,然而因语境的不同往往含义各异 ,在汉译英中就有理解之后的
不同译法。作者从 35 个方面对其作了一些研究。
Abstract　 “Da”is a common Chinese word ,but it has different connotations as a result of different contexts ,and therefore there exist different ways in C- E translation. This paper falls into 35 parts and makes
some study of it .
K ey words　Da and such like　C- E translation　 a detailed discussion
　　 “大” 在汉语中可与各种词搭配 ,其用途亦较广。从广义的角度来看 ,涉及面较大 ,包括政治、经济、文化、科学技术等方方面面。从语用的角度来看 ,它又往往会因语境的不同而产生不同的含义 ,结果带来理解上的千差万别。理解是翻译的前提 ,正确的理解才能带来正确的译文 ,一旦误解了则必然会误译。笔者曾在翻译教学中进行过一些尝试 ,结果证明确实如此。现将 “大” 类汉语词语试译如下 ,不妥之处还望方家指正。
     1 　译为cats and dogs ,hard ,heavily等词例 1 :天连续下了三天大雨。It rained cat s and dogs (或 hard或 heavily)three days on end (或in succession或running) .
     2 　译为 big , large , tall ,horse等词例 2 :他爱说大话。He likes talking big (或 talking large 或talking horse 或 talking tall) 或 He likes sayingbig words (或large words) .
     3 　译为 three days ago例 3 :我们在大前天偶然遇见了他。We met with (或 chanced upon 或 ran into或 knocked into 或 came across 或 encountered或 ran across) him three days ago.
     4　译为 “be +倍数 +形容词比较级 + than” 或“be +倍数 + as large(或 big) as” 或 “be + 倍数+ the size of”例 4 :这个教室比那个教室大五倍。This classroom is five times bigger (或 larg2er) than that one 或is six times as large (或 big)as that one 或 six times the size of that one.
     5 　译为 strong ,heavy例 5 :大风大雨不能阻止我们出去。St rong wind and heavy rain can’ t prevent(或 keep 或 stop) us f rom going out .
     6 　译为good ,general , spring , thorough例 6 :他们在给教室大扫除。They are giving the classroom a good (或general 或 spring或 thorough) clean (ing) .
     7 　译为loud ,at the top of例 7 :她大声地说: “我们把她当作我们的朋友” 。She said in a loud (或 big) voice (或 at thetop of her voice) ,“We look on (或 regard 或think of 或 view 或 see 或 take 或 repute 或 rec2ognize) her as our f riend.”
    8 　译为 by no means(或 in no w ay或on no ac2count)等例 8 :像他这样的人大有人在。A person like him is by no means (或 in noway或on no account 或 never 或 not absolutely)rare.
     9 　译为f inal ,end-of- term例 9 :他小声地说: “大考就要来临了。 ”He said in a sof t (或 low 或 gentle) voice ,“The end-of- term(或final) examination is near2ing (或 approaching 或 coming near 或 drawingnear 或at hand)” 1
    10 　译为 mostly , chief ly , mainly , in the main ,in chief例10 :这个小组大体由年轻人组成 ,其中有一个不满 16 岁。This group is in chief (或 in the main 或mostly 或 chiefly 或 mainly) made up of theyoung people ,one of whom is on the right side ofsixteen.
    11 　译为 in a big w ay ,on a big(或large) scale例 11 :根据你的建议 ,我们应该大办工业。We should go in for indust ry in a big way inaccordance with (或in light of 或in the light of或on the basis of 或 in terms of 或 in line with或agreeable to) your suggestion (或according asthe suggestion you have made 或According to 或agreeably to 或 depending on) your suggestion ,we should go in for indust ry on a large (或 big)scale.
     12 　译为 in the family w ay等例 12 :他叫他那大肚子妻子不要大惊小怪。He told his wife ,who was big with child (或was in the family way 或 was pregnant 或 gotherself in a family way 或 was in an interestingcondition 或 was in a delicate condition 或 wasexpecting 或 was with child 或 was a mother- to-be或 wore the apron high 或 went with child 或was going to have a baby或was about to becomea mother) ,not to make a fuss about nothing (或make a fuss over a t rifle