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果及结论四个方面的内容。在介绍前人研究成果的事实时,有必要使用被动语态,避免泛指“人们”做主语,使语言简练。被动语态在摘要的“方法”中占主导是因为此部分的叙述重点是研究对象、使用的仪器和试剂、观察指标等,而作为动作的执行者是不言自明的。“结果”部分陈述的重点往往是所取得的发现,而不涉及有关的人,故被动语态的使用频率也相当高。 3.2　英文论文摘要参考句型 3.2.1　表述课题用句型常用consider、discuss、investigate、study等描述,如:(1)This article discusses the reasons for…and offers an insight into…(2)This paper analyzes som e important charac2teristics of…(3)The paper exam ines…and considers…(4)The author considers two specific subjectswhich…(5)A p rincip le of constructing…is consideredin the paper.(6)The influence of…on…is investigated.(7)The p rocess is analyzed using…(8)The performance characteristics of…arestudied theo retically and experimentally. 3.2.2　表述目的用句型常用aim、intend、seek、objective、purpose等引出,如:(1)One of the purpose of this study is…(2)This paper seeks to justify…in term s of…(3)The aim of this study is to carry out analy2sis for…(4)The test is aim ed to…(5)The study is intended to…3.2.3　描述范围时用句型常用英文动词有contain、cover、include等,如:(1)The article contains some p ractical recom2mendations on…(2)Subjects covered include…(3)Som e of the specific top ics discussed are…(4)The scope of the research covers… 3.2.4　表述内容的句型常用的谓语动词有address、concern、dealw ith、describe、illustrate、involve in、look at、p resent、relate to、support等,如:(1)The paper addresses the p roblem of…(2)The paper deals w ith…(3)The paper describes the p rincip les andtechniques of…(4)The paper p resents the data in term s of…(5)This paper is devoted to assessment of…(6)This paper is concerned w ith the analysis of…(7)This article looks at…(8)This paper p resents a m athematical modelof a circuit breaker w ith random variation of parame2ters…(9)The author describes a configuration of…(10)The authors p resent a…p rincip le thatp redicts…(11)The brief history of…is p resented.(12)Perfo rmance goals and various app roachesto…are briefly described. 3.2.5　表述重点用句型表述重点时经常用到的动词有be、concen2trate、give、pay、p lace等,如:(1)A ttention is concentrated on…(2)Particular attention is/was paid to…(3)There has been a focus on…and attentionis being paid to…(4)This report concentrates on…(5)The greatest emphasis has been on…(6)The p rimary emphasis in this article is on… 3.2.6　表述方法时用句型(1)The formula is derived from…(2)The test is demonstrated by using…(3)The analysis was m ade w ith… 3.2.7　表述概括、总结时用句型常用review、summarize等谓语动词,如:This paper review s/summ arizes the theory from…viewpoint,discusses…and presents… 3.2.8　表述计量与运算时用句型常用谓语动词有calculate、determine、esti2mate、measure等,如:(1)This paper determ ines the energetically ra2tional range of…(2)A s part of…the authors have m easuredthe m inimum velocities of… 3.2.9　表述比较与评估用句型常用agree with、assess、compare、evaluate等谓语动词,如:(1)The p resent work evaluates the low2temperature p roperties of…(2)The role of…has been critically assessedby…(3)The calculated results agree w ith experi2mental results. 3.2.10　表述试验与实验用句型常用experiment、test等表述,如:(1)The experiments on…have been carriedout using…(2)The tests were carried out on… 3.2.11　表述观察与证明用句型常用动词有demonstrate、find、indicate、ob2serve、show等,如:(1)It is shown that…(2)Studies have shown that…(3)New evidence indicates that…(4)In this paper,the authors show how…(5)In this paper it is demonstrated that… 3.2.12　表述论证与依据用句型常用be based on、take as reference等引出,如:(1)Constitutive equation of…is formulatedbased on…(2)The m ethod is based on… 3.2.13　介绍应用与用途时用句型常用apply、use等动词,如:(1)Such a statistical method has been app liedto…(2)Two basic techno logies are used to laydown… 3.2.14　表述结果用句型常用动词有find、result in等,如:(1)It is found/indicat