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了不少问题,提供了解决新老问题的新思路和新启示。本文着眼于语言-语用模因的复制和传播规律,因此通过小至词素大至语篇的例证,指出现实世界的模因复制基本上有(社会)语用的和反(社会)语用的两类,本文着重论述了原模因和模因变体的“同异关系”合适与否取决于新旧模因宿主(交际者)在MPA调控下能否攫取一种“同构/变异取向度”的适度、平衡的和谐美。一个模因在复制和传播中与其模因(域/复合体/网)变体是一种什么关系呢?应该是在新旧模因宿主的MPA的调节下,在模因生存的必要性、目的性、新老语境的特点等语用参数合力作用下,形成的一个共时的(横向的)和历时的(纵向的)具有和谐美的互相补充、同构/变异取向度平衡的、和谐而且美的曲线,而一个模因域或模因复合体,乃至一个或更多的模因域网,就呈现出一个纵横交错的平衡、和谐、美丽的网。最后我们分析了一些极端的模因变异和识解困难的情况。当然,行文难免主观性、片面性,虚心求教于大方。 [1] 出版于1933年。(看张禹九《空谷足音——格特鲁德·斯泰因传》,北京:中国文联出版社,2002) [2] 翁显良译,见王寅(2005)。 [3] SISU是下文所说两所外语院校的英语校名的首字母缩写,分别为Shanghai/Sichuan International Studies University。由于川外先注册,据说“上外”也自称“SHISU”。 [4] 如剧本“Pygmalion”第3幕Liza对Higgins教授说“Well, thats a mercy, anyhow.”。不论是伦敦的Penguin Books还是Constable and Company Ltd.,还是爱丁堡的R. & R. Clark, Ltd,出版他的剧本都绝对高保真地复制这个文学模因。 [5] 该例借自何自然(2005)。 [6] 下载于(2005-10-6)。 [7] 他们认为唱歌对于鸟类和人类都具有很高的(系统)发生(phylogenetic/developmental)的价值。唱歌是现代人语言和文化形成之前的“预适应”(preadaptation)。 [8] 见王寅(2005b)。 主要参考文献: 1. Atran, S. 2001. The trouble with memes: inference versus imitation in cultural creation[J]. Human Nature 12(4):351-381. 2. Baldassarre, G. 2001. Cultural evolution of ‘guiding criteria’ and behaviour in a population of neural-network agents[J/OL]. Journal of Memetics - Evolutionary Models of Information Transmission, 4. 3. Blakemore, S. 1999. The Meme Machine[M]. Oxford: OUP. 4. Chesterman, A. 1997. Memes of Translation[M]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 5. Dawkins, R. 1976. The Selfish Gene[M]. NY: OUP. 6. Dawkins, R. 1982. The Extended Phenotype[M]. Oxford: OUP. 7. Deacon, T. W. Memes as signs[J]. The Semiotic Review of Books, 10(3). 8. Dennett, D. 1995. Darwin’s Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life[M]. London: Allen Lane Press. 9. Gatherer, D. 1998. Why the thought contagion metaphor is retarding the progress of memetics[J/OL]. Journal of Memtics-Evolutionary Models of Information Transmission, 2. 10. Gatherer, D. 2001. Modelling the effects of memetic taboos on genetic homosexuality[J/OL]. Journal of Memtics-Evolutionary Models of Information Transmission, 4. 11. Gabora, L. 2004. Ideas are not replicators; minds are[J]. Biology and Philosophy 19(1):127-143. 12. Gil-White, F.J. 2004. Common misunderstandings of memes (and genes): The promise and the limits of the genetic analogy to cultural transmission processes[A]. In S. Hurley and N. Chater (eds). Perspectives on Imitation: From Mirror Neurons to Memes[C]. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 13. Grice, H. P. 1975. Logic and conversation[A]. In P. Cole & J. Morgan (eds). Syntax and Semantics,Vol. 3: Speech Acts[C]. NY: Academic Press: 43-58. 14. Kendal, J. R. and K. N. Laland. 2000. Mathematical models for memetics[J/OL]. Journal of Memtics-Evolutionary Models of Information Transmission, 4. vol4/kendal_jr&laland_kn.html. 15. Lynch, A. 1991. Thought contagion as abstract evolution[J]. Journal of Ideas, 2:3-10. 16. Marsden, P. 2000. Forefathers of memetics: Gabriel Tarde and the laws of imitation[J/OL]. Journal of Memetics-Evolutionary Models of Information Transmission, 4. 17. Marsden, P. 2001. Is suicide contagious? A case study of applied memetics[J/OL]. Journal of Memtics-Evolutionary Models of Information Transmission, 5. emit /2001/vol5/ marsden_p.html. 18. Sperber, D. 1996. Explaining Culture: A Naturali本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。