英语论文网

ous；on the other hand，because the addressor with certain consideration avoids using the exact expression deliberately and substitutes ambiguous expression for it．As to the latter ambiguity, with the help of context，ambiguity can be got rid of，and the real communication purpose can be achieved．For example，“he is gone"．In a certain Context that two persons talked about an o1d man，the real meaning of "gone” is“died”．The addressor needn’t speak out the word “died" to let the addressee understand it. 3.2 Restriction on language from context 3.2.1 "Context requests the addressor to decide his/her discourse behavior or pragmatic strategies．"(Qian-guanlian，2003) It is foolish discourse behavior to ask children with complicated words or talk with learned people with simple words．To know the age，culture，background，character，experience，is the basis of beginning discourse． 3.2.2 "Context requests addressor to pay attention to occasion of discourse．" In funeral，everyone is sad，if you are speaking loudly，singing，it means you are very happy，it shows that you don't respect the dead person，At that time，you are the nasty person．Nobody Wants to talk with you。Not considering occasion leads to communication miscarriage． 3.2.3 "Context requests addressor to pay attention to pronunciation and tone." Both pronunciation and tone give vivid meanings to discourse，display the psychology，mood，and character of addressor．The communication miscarriage happens when you answer the teacher's question with absent-minded tone． 4.Context grasp as a whole From the two characters of language and the relationship between context and discourse, we may draw a conclusion that context can cause communication miscarriage．Considering the importance of context and the negative result caused by context，many specialists and savants have done or are doing plenty of researches on context，they want to find a proper way to grasp context correctly to avoid failing in communication． John J．Gumperz，in his "Discourse strategies”said："Both addressor and addressee must understand the conducting discourse With a series of apparent features or sign of language, and these apparent features are called ‘Contextualization cues’ .Having grasped the contextualization cues equals to having grasped the context，it helps the addressee to understand what the addressor has said．”Another Chinese specialist Liu Mingdong said：It is necessary to make full use of 1anguage knowledge，background knowledge，situation knowledge or mutual knowledge to help one fix the meaning．" (Liu-Mingdong，2001) Professor He Zhaoxiong and Jiang Yanmei thought ,“During the process of the various language communication，the addressor manipulates the common knowledge and the addressee recalls the related factors of‘common knowledge’to make out the meaning of discourse．" (He-Zhaoxiong Jiang-Yanmei，1997) Their theories concerning about context indicate the importance of context in Eng1ish communication and their view that grasping the context are very useful．We may learn from that the apparent features, background，situation knowledge，mutual knowledge，and common knowledge are the factors of context．Besides，context contains more factors．Because of the variety and complication of the factors，both addressor and addressee always miss considering some factors or are misled by the wrong information，which lead to misunderstanding between each other or their purpose of communication．So，I wonder，if these factors can be grasped whol