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Ecological discourse, also known as environmental discourse, is used alternately in many cases. This study adopts the expression of ecological discourse, because “ecology” is richer in connotation and broader in scope than “environment”, and accordingly, the category of ecological discourse is broader than that of environmental discourse (Ji Yan, 2021).

Each stage of human history has a different dominant discourse. Against the background of increasingly serious global ecological problems, various ecological issues have become increasingly prominent and ecological conservation has become an urgent task facing the world, and its study has become the focus of academic research. More and more linguists are paying attention to the study of ecological discourse, trying to solve the problems of society, ecology, environment and human existence through language studies. Since linguistics is not a unified concept (Zheng & Wang, 2018), ecological discourse, as a key research field in linguistics, has also become the object of research in various linguistic sub-disciplines and shows a tendency of multi-disciplinary integration in the research path, which also provides a wide space for linguistic scholars to understand this concept from different theoretical perspectives.

1.2 Significance of the Study

The research objectives of this study are as follows:

First, based on the framing theory, extract the surface and deep frames of Chinese and American Media reports on the Chinese smog, analyse the characteristics of the frames, and reveal the ecological values contained in the Chinese and American smog news discourse.

Second, based on a comparative analysis of frames, summarize the similarities and differences of the surface frames and the deep frames used in the Chinese and American smog reports, analyse the deeper reasons for the differences in frames, and determine the types of discourse in relation to the ecosophy of harmony, and explain the significance of the different types of discourse for the development of the environment and the ecosystem.

Finally, based on the corpus collection and framing analysis of the smog reports, the framing strategies are elucidated, in order to provide more references and suggestions for future media reports of ecological discourse.

Theoretically, this study integrates cognitive linguistics and ecolinguistics, integrating framing theory analysis and ecological discourse analysis. On the one hand, it promotes the study of ecological discourse from a cognitive perspective. Previous studies on ecological discourse have mostly relied on system-functional linguistic theories or discourse analysis paradigms, while this study uses cognitive theoretical tools to frame and explore the cognitive mechanisms and hidden ecological values of ecological discourse, elevating the study from the linguistic level to the cognitive level and providing theoretical guidance and analytical methods of cognitive perspective for ecological discourse research.

Chapter Two LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Studies on Framing Theory

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