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On the Bing Dictionary online website,a proper noun is defined as the name of a person,place,or thing.Proper nouns refer to the name of people,places,organizations,and so on.Itis different from common nouns which are the general terms of objects and concepts.These nouns are applied to indicate the object or place where the event occurs and have informativefunctions in daily communication and literary works.So it’s important to translate themmeaningfully.A large amount of proper nouns are used in the source text.These examplesinvolve the names of organizations,places,renowned celebrities,documents,and things withtranslation methods of annotation and literal translation.Such examples are as follows:

3.1.1 Annotation

Annotation is one of the translation methods used to annotate the background or origin ofa word for better understanding of readers of the target text(Lian,2010:35).Owing to socialand historical differences,cultural communication is not always successful.Annotation canresolve this problem to some degree by compensating for relative background.

Example 1

ST:但他们也惹不起哥老会，就搬家离开湖南迁去江宁了。

TT:However,they could not afford to mess with the Gelao Hui,so they moved fromHunan Province to Jiangning Province(one old name of Nanjing Province).

Analysis:The“江宁”as the name of the places indicates one of the provinces in China.It is one of the old names of Nanjing Province,which means that there is no trouble outsidethe river,tranquility is kept here,and peace in the south of the river”.The location of NanjingProvince is the south of the river.The word“river”equals“江”in Chinese,and“宁”means“tranquility”.“江宁”is taken in 280 until it is changed as“南京”in 1912,the present NanjingProvince.If there is no annotation,English readers who lack the historical knowledge ofChina may feel confused about the specific location of the place and just know it is a place.That will influence their reading experience and cause difficulty in thinking connectionbetween historical events and the places they happened.Hence,annotation is important forEnglish readers to know that“江宁省”is a word on behalf of a specific time of Chinesehistory in the south of the river.In general,the translation of the name of Chinese places istransliteration in the form of capitalizing the first letter without a hyphen between words.Sothe word“江宁”is transliterated as“Jiangning”.And“省”counts as a province which istranslated as the specific“Province”with the first letter in capitalization.

Conclusion

The translator has improved much her translation competence through practice,especially in dealing with the type of text with the biographical textual features.In the C-Etranslation practice of this text,George Hatem:An American Doctor with a Chinese Heart(Chapters 6-8)was analyzed at aspects of lexical features including the features of propernouns and culture-loaded words,and syntactical features including long sentences.Dependingon the features of the source text,translation methods are applied to solve the problems in theprocess of translation and promote the improvement of translation quality.

On the lexical aspect,the scientific translation methods employed include annotation,and literal translation for translating proper nouns in the text,such as annotation was used totranslate some proper nouns in the source text,in this way promoting English reade本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。