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uralcharacteristics and human landscape,and the motivation for building the Red Army HealthSchool is also introduced through the dialogue or interview of great men.The application oflanguage in the book is prone to comprehension with aesthetic expression.It may makeforeigners feel confused,because many proper nouns and culture-loaded words are used.Inaddition,the narration of details with some rhetorical devices including personification suchas the sentence“古城以及天空、大地都沐浴在灿灿的金黄色中。”is applied by thetranslator of the book to enhance literary color.

The source text is selected from chapters 6 to 8 of George Hatem:An American Doctorwith a Chinese Heart,illustrating natural characteristics and human landscape,such as narrative writing with words of geographic location for Bao’an County in a wooded and flatland of a basin on the vast and lush Loess Plateau in the west.The source text is divided intothree parts,and each part refers to the history and characteristics of the Soviet Area,the RedArmy,and the building of its Health School.

2.2 Features of the Source Text

From the viewpoint of language,the features of the source text will be analyzed in twoaspects,lexical features and syntactic features presented in dialogue fragments of charactersand fragments with cultural characteristics of the book.

2.2.1 Lexical Features

The original text is a text of red culture and mainly narrates history,thus it uses a numberof proper nouns,including names of places and materials as well as titles of organizations andmovements.An amount of culture-loaded words also involves in the source text.

(1)proper nouns

Bing Dictionary defines proper nouns as the name of a person,place,or thing.Propernouns refer to the name of people,places,organizations,and so on.It is different fromcommon nouns which are the general terms of objects and concepts.These nouns are appliedto indicate the object or place where the event occurs and have informative functions in dailycommunication and literary works.So it’s important to translate them meaningfully.A largeamount of proper nouns are used in the source text.Such examples are as follows:names ofpeople,such as“毛泽东、张闻天、周恩来”;names of the place,like“瓦窑堡”and“济宁”;aname of society including“哥老会”,names of organization,such as“中共中央”and“中央军委”;and a name of paper including“《中华苏维埃中央政府对哥老会宣言》”.

These examples involve the names of people,organizations,places,renowned celebrities,documents,and things.All of them embody unique Chinese culture.For instance,Chinesepeople’s surnames are before given names,because collectivism means more thanindividualism in China.The surname represents a community with common blood relationsand the given name reflects the thinking of family and has a personal symbol.

Chapter Three Problems and Solutions in Translation ............................. 12

3.1 Translation of Proper Nouns ............................... 12

3.1.1 Annotation .............................. 13

3.1.2 Literal Translation ................................. 14

Conclusion ............................... 23

Chapter Three Problems and Solutions in Translation

3.1 Translation of Proper Nouns

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