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二、两个英译本对同一源语分别采用直译或意译两种不同处理方式
实例:亏你还是读过书的人,岂不知俗语说的:“阎王叫你三更死,谁敢留人到五更!”(第十六回)
杨戴: You r'e an educated young fellow, Dont' you know the saying, I'f the King of Hell summons you at the third watch, who dares keep you till the fifth? '
霍克斯: Your'e an educated young fellow: havent' you heard the saying If Yama calls at midnight hour No man can put off death till four?
维科汉英词典对“阎王”的解释是extremely cruel and violent person,与这句话的语境是相符的,也体现了中西文化的共通性。在翻译中,杨戴把阎王,转化成了更通俗易懂的“king”,整个有国君对臣子下命令,臣子必须服从的口吻,而霍克斯则作了归化的处理,介绍出了外国读者熟悉的"Yama" ( the Buddhist dharmapala and judge of the dead)。这样就增加了译文的可读性,引起了外国读者的共鸣。
实例:贾芸笑道:“巧媳妇做不出没米的粥来,叫我怎么样呢?”(第二十四回)
杨戴:…replied Jia Yun amiably. " Even the cleverest housewife cant' cook a meal without rice. What do you expect me to do?
霍克斯: JiaYun smiled: 'Even the cleverest housewife can t' make bread without flour! What do you expect me to do?
这一例中,巧媳妇做不出没米的粥来,杨戴原汁原味地保留了原文中的“粥(meal)”和“米(rice)”,而霍克斯作了一定程度的归化处理,把“粥”归化成了“面包(bread)”,“米”归化成了“面粉(flour)”,这样一来,这个俗语明显带上了西方文化色彩,便于外国读者的理解。

三、两个英译本对同一源语采用直译和意译相融合的处理方式
实例:湘云吃了酒,拣了一块鸭肉呷口,忽见碗内有半个鸭头,遂拣了出来吃脑子。众人催他“别只顾吃,到底快说了。”湘云便用箸子举着说道:这鸭头不是那丫头,头上那讨桂花油。(第六十二回)
杨戴夫妇:…but having tossed off her wine Xiangyun helped herself to a piece of duck, noticing as she did so that there was half a ducks' head in the bowl. She picked this out and star-ted eating the brain. "Don’t' just eat, " they scolded, " finish you forfeit first. "
Then holding up her chopsticks Xiangyun said, "This ducks' head is not that serving-maid,①How can its head be smeared with oil of osmanthus? " (注①"Duck 'head" and " serving- maid" are both yatou in Chinese. )
霍克斯: From the dish in front of her Xiang-yun picked out a ducks' head with her chopsticks and pointed it at the maids who were sitting round the fourth table at the other end of the room. "This little duck can 't with those little ducks compare: This one is quite bald, but they all have a fine head of hair. "
这一例,是宝玉做寿,大家来给宝玉祝寿,一起划拳喝酒行酒令时,湘云胡编的一则酒令底儿,借用了“鸭头”和“丫头”的读音相同,拿贾府中的丫环和一道小菜作了比较,一个头上有头发,可以擦桂花油,一个是没有头发的秃子,不能擦油。这个酒令风趣幽默,显示了湘云的聪明伶俐,不过,对翻译者来说,难度却也相应加大了。杨氏夫妇选用直译,并加了注释,解释直译的这个“鸭头”和“丫头”之间的谐音关系。而霍克斯则把重点放在了“鸭头”和“丫头”的区别上,即一个没毛发,一个有头发。个人认为,何不把两者相结合,既让读者了解到两事物的谐音,又从意义上作一些解释,让读者体会到作者的写作意图及其妙处。
从以上译例不难看出,有时翻译可以采取忠实原著的直译,也可根据两语言的差异,在翻译时作一些调整或变通,选用意译或直译意译相结合的方式,以增强译文的可读性。具体对杨宪益、戴乃迭及David Hawks、Jo本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。