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ont of it flows a stream.The stream supplies the village with clean water.There are only about 50 households in it. Alto-gether there are about 200 people. It used to be avery poor and backward village. But since the be-ginning of reform in our country, the village haschanged a great deal. A small factory has beenset up in it. In the factory young men and womenof the village make baskets with rattan…[4](那是一个小山村,就座落在山脚下。山前流淌着一条小溪,为村里提供了洁净水。村里约50户人家,200口人。过去村里贫穷落后,但自从改革开放以来,村里发生了翻天覆地的变化。建起了小工厂,村里的年轻男女在厂里用藤条编织篮子。)①

该文的汉语译文读起来自然流畅,但相对应的英文读起来却味同嚼蜡,原因就在于英语“求雅”靠的是变化,一成不变只会导致俗不可耐、面目可憎。如果加以变化,就有了几分“雅”韵:It isa very small village located at the foot of a moun-tain, in front of which flows a stream. Thestream supplies clean water to about 50 house-holds of 200 people or so. It used to be very poorand backward but since the beginning of reformin our country, it has changed a great deal. Asmall factory has been set up, in which theyouths make baskets with rattan.

(2)主谓关系灵活变化

英语是主语型语言,一般情况下主语不得省略。为了“求雅”,英语常常用被动句式和非人称主语句加以调整,避免视觉上的“审美疲劳”。如A pile of china dishes rested gracefully on thehead of the acrobat and the audience gave him abig hand. Later, the performer was awarded thefirst prize.“rest”是人称动词,主语却是非人称的“dishes”,“audience”鼓了掌,“acrobat”获得(被给予)了一等奖,主谓关系的灵活变化,带来了活力,带来了生气。

3.省略带来“零重复”

英语为了求“雅”,常常将相同的谓词删除,通过“零重复”达到一种结构“相异”。请读培根的一句名言:“Histories make men wise; poets witty;the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep;moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.”该句是由六个小句合并而成,本来需要六个动词“make”,但如此成句令人生厌,因此作者采取了“零重复”手段取得了“雅”之实效。　　

 

二、汉语“雅”之表现

汉语之“雅”,关键靠“求同”获得。“同”主要体现在以下三个方面。

1.主语同

汉语的一大特色是“无主句”。大量主语的省略,造就了一种语义上归零的齐整。从陶渊明的“采菊东篱下,悠然见南山”,到朱自清《背影》中的“到徐州见着父亲,看见满院狼籍的东西,又想起祖母,不禁簌簌地落下眼泪”,都是典型实例。这样的形同成就“形散而神不散”,一串“流水句”简单堆放,也能释放出浓浓“雅”韵。

2.结构同

上述培根的名言若用汉语表达,需要六个相同谓词“使人”:“读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理学使人庄重,逻辑与修辞使人善辩”[5],但依然不会令人难受,反而琅琅上口。汉语读起来之所以琅琅上口,正是因为汉语“求同”的审美观使然。这种结构平衡之例从四字格词语到谚语再到名人名言,本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。