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于密歇根州西北部,濒临休伦湖的一个小城市。该市幽静、清洁,一年四季皆有美景。它是这样宣传自己的: 　　Long pleasant days of summer draw us out of doorswhere we linger until the last bit of twilight fades. Gentleblue water laps the shore and warm sunshine nudgesswimmers in , while others stroll the sands in search oftreasure or simply lie on the beach and drink in the sun. 　　Canoeists paddle the river , past lush green woods , cattailsand wildlife. 　　?? 　　Autumn blazes in with a spectacular farewell tosummer in magnificent shades of red , orange and yellow. 　　The bounty of season calls for celebration. Fromscarecrows and pumpkins to celebrations of pioneer andmaritime history , people find plenty of reasons for revelry. 　　The countryside beckons with old fashioned hospitality andthe fruits of a bountiful harvest . 　　? 　　例3. 　　密歇根州地处五大湖区,近几年来每年都要举办灯塔节。下面是一份灯塔节的广告宣传材料: 　　7th Annual Great Lakeslighthouse FestivalThursday , Friday , Saturday &Sunday2nd weekend in October , Alpena MichiganThursdayTour on your own : 　　Middle Island Boat toursThunder Bay Island Boat tourVisit one of you favorite Great Lakes LighthousesPlan on Attending : 　　Children’s ConcertKickoff EventMemorial to Lost SailorsFridayA Day to tour on your own : 　　You may want to visit some of the following : 　　Jesse Besser MuseumMiddle Island Museum on WheelsSturgeon Point Lighthouse?? 　　从以上这3 份材料来看,英文这类旅游资料的写作特点是:对景点的介绍侧重指导性和实用性;对旅游城市的介绍重点在突出特色;而对旅游活动的介绍重点是让活动时间、地点、安排一目了然。从语言风格上看,通篇没有华丽的溢美之辞,用词直白、简练,叙事具体、直截了当。 (二) 译者不是工匠而是设计师　　译者不是作者,这是无法选择的事实。但译者不应是简单地将一种语言符号转换成另一种语言符号的工匠,他(她) 要为读者着想,即译文能否为读者所接受,是否为读者所喜闻乐见? 因此,译者应该是一名设计师。　　汉语中描写风景的词汇丰富,辞藻华丽,所以中文这类材料中主观描写、“虚”夸之词较多。我国悠久的历史、灿烂的文化集中体现在旅游宣传材料中, 　　如历史人物、典故、神话、诗赋、成语、地名、历史年代等等。如何翻译这些材料,恰如其分地表达、传递给外国旅游者,就不得不考虑翻译的原则与方法。　　所谓翻译,翻译家杨绛的理解为: ??把原作换一种文字,照模照样地表达。原文说什么,译文就说什么;原文怎么说,译文也怎么说。这是翻译家一致承认的。至于如何贯彻这个指导思想,却没有现成的规律;具体问题只能个别解决。　　具体到旅游资料的翻译,如果一味强调“忠实”, 　　译出的文字会是什么样呢? 请看:南方某市举办的龙舟会的宣传材料:“中华大地,江河纵横; 华夏文化,源远流长??轻快的龙舟如银河流星,瑰丽的彩船似海市蜃楼,两岸那金碧辉煌的彩楼连成一片水晶宫,是仙境? 是梦境? 仰视彩鸽割飞,低眸漂灯留霓,焰火怒放,火树银花,灯舞回旋,千姿百态,气垫船腾起一江春潮,射击手点破满天彩球??” 　　译文:The divine land of China has its rivers flowingacross ; the brilliant culture of China has its roots tracingback long ? 　　The light dragon2boats appear on the river as thoughthe stars twinkle in the Milky Way. The richly decoratedpleasure boats look like a scene of mirage. The splendentawnings in green and gold chain into a palace of crystal . 　　Is this a fairy land or a mere dream ?Looking above , youcan see the beautiful doves flying about . Looking below , 　　you can see the sailing lamps glittering. Cracking are thefireworks , which present you a picture of fiery trees andsilver flowers. Circling are the lantern2dancers , whopresent you a variation of exquisite manner. Over therethe motor2boats are plowing the water , thus a tide stirsup. Over there , the marksmen are shooting to theirtargets ; thus colorful beads whirl around ? 　　译者可谓“忠实”,但在native English speaker 的眼中却是full of hyperbole (充满了极度夸张) ,不知所云。赛龙舟是中国传统的节日活动,外国游客感兴趣的是其由来、内涵、习俗等具体的信息,而非这些主观、空洞的辞藻的堆砌。　　又如某市的画册上有这样一段文字:市内外有名胜古迹300 多处,市中心有赵武灵王操演兵马和观赏歌舞的武灵丛台,市郊有国家重点文物保护单位———赵王城遗址,城北有明代所建“蓬莱仙境”般的黄粱梦吕仙祠,市西南有可与龙门、敦煌媲美始凿于北齐的响堂山石窟;又是典故之城??黄粱美梦、毛遂自荐、负荆请罪、完璧归赵等众多成语典故,脍炙人口,给人启迪?? 　　译文:There are over 300 scenic spots and historicalsites inside and outside the city. In the civic center standsthe Wuling Congtai terrace , where the King Wqulingdrilled warriors and enjoyed singing and dancingperformances ; in the outskirts remains the ruined city ofthe State of Zhao , the monument specially protected