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> (b) It recognizes the need to ensure that people have access to potable water and adequate sanitation facilities;

(c) The Policy recognizes that the Ministry concerned with development of urban housing, the Ministry of Infrastructure, should operate at policy formulation level. The operations and implementation of the policies should be carried out by agencies such as the Urban Development Board;

(d) It is committed to supporting the controlled development and the sustainability of human settlements both in urban and rural areas, which is economically accessible and socially integrated, where the rights of all people are recognized, particularly the rights women, children, handicapped people, and people living in poverty, the vulnerable and disadvantaged groups;

(e) It recognizes the need to provide affordable shelter for people of all income groups;

(f) The process of urbanization must be accomplished with due regard to the needs of the citizens while contributing to their social development, and at the same time reducing any negative environmental impacts. The process integrates environmental aspects and will be based on rational management of land resources;

(g) Planned settlements are the preferred and accepted form of housing development in urban areas and urban planning must be taken as a pre-condition to any form of development;

(h) It recognizes the need to upgrade or formalize informal settlement while ensuring that social norms are respected and people are not unnecessarily displaced;

(i) It must be recognised that ensuring access to goods, basic services and infrastructure facilities is the most important element in determining the quality of life of the population;

(j) Urbanization is regarded as a driving force for economic development. However, the process of urbanization and urban development should be planned, controlled and well directed. Urbanisation increases the demand for food and promotes modernization and improvement of agricultural production which contributes directly to poverty reduction in Rwanda. The spatial planning of urban areas with clear demarcation of residential, industrial commercial and public utilization areas will safeguard the environment and cultural heritage of Rwanda;

(k) Investment related to urban development should not be handled solely by Government, but must be supported by the private sector, NGO’s, and local communities according to their respective capacities and capabilities. Urban development must consequently be well planned in a progressive and participatory manner according to the capacities of various players in the sector. However, emphasis should be placed on the role of women in the implementation of the National Urban Housing Policy;

(l) Implementing the law governing the organization of districts, urban management and development comes under the prerogatives and attributes of local communities. These must nevertheless follow and respect the directives and orientations laid down within the spirit of the National Urban Housing Policy to achieve the goals fixed at national level.

2.8. 2.General Orientation

2.8.2.1 Vision 2020

It has been forecasted that the urban population will reach 30% of the national population by 2020; however, urban development should not contribute towards poll