英语论文网

m end of a ‘developing country’ market – which is what South Africa really is – is risky not only for banks, but also for potential low income borrowers. [25]

Even though they can repay small loans (as some South African microfinance institutions have proved), most low-income households cannot maintain the rigid repayment schedule required by a mortgage. Moreover, South Africa’s ‘township’ housing markets are institutionally weak, and it is very difficult to sell a house, either to move up/down the housing ladder, or in execution. To make matters worse, South African formal-sector wage employment has actually declined in absolute terms since 1994, especially in the low middle income bracket. As a result, when they do manage to get a mortgage, many low-income black South Africans lose their houses due to factors such as income instability and retrenchment.

2.8. REVIEW OF NATIONAL HOUSING POLICY OF GOVERNEMENT OF RWANDA

The National Urban Housing Policy includes all public interventions within the framework of the urbanisation process of Rwanda in order to constitute the urban structures at national and provincial level, to improve urban management, control development, and the spatial expansion of cities, particularly urban centres using effective planning tools.

The development and adoption of the National Urban Housing Policy aims at guiding Government objectives and priorities in line with the objectives as laid down particularly in the Vision 2020, the EDPRS, and the National Investment Strategy. According to the aims of Vision 2020, about 30% of the population will live in planned cities with access to basic infrastructure necessary to ensure sustainable development. The implementation of this policy will support the process, and coordinate all the activities to ensure its monitoring and evaluation.

Urban development related to the process of urbanization is restricted neither to physical installations nor to the construction of houses. It depends largely on economic, political, social and institutional factors. Urban development requires having at the local level, adapted tools for planning and regulation, to reinforce capacities at central and decentralised level, and mobilize the public and private sector. Furthermore it requires human and financial resources to develop and improve cities and other centres in order to improvement the living conditions of the entire population, particularly the poorest.

This policy proposes the establishment of a regulatory body, an Urban Development Board to manage the development of urban areas and urban housing in particular. This body will regulate the issues concerned with allocation of land, its development, standards associated with housing and construction, private and public estate development among other function.

2.8. 1.Guiding principles of the policy

The object of the National Urban Housing Policy is based on the following principles:

(a) The Rwandan Government recognizes that housing is a basic right for its citizens as stated in international declarations such as the Istanbul Declaration of June, 1996, the Millennium Development Goals (February, 2002), and the World Summit on Sustainable Development (July-August, 2002). In this context, it aims to facilitate access to decent housing and basic infrastructure facilities for its population;

本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。