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明喻(simile)是指两种性质全然不同但在某一方面有相似之处的事物用比喻词联系起来的直接类比。注意明喻的本体(tenor)和喻体(vehicle)有本质的不同,如果本质相同,就不成其为比喻。明喻中的比喻词常见的是as, like,有时也可以用表示比较、感觉意义的动词作比喻词,如:https://www.51lunwen.org/ There are some cannoneers nearly as noisy as their own guns.有些炮手的嗓门几乎跟他们的大炮一样响。He glowered at her like a downy young owl.他恶狠狠地瞪了她一眼,她活像一只周身长满绒毛的小猫头鹰。You might as well expect the sun to rise in the west as hope tomove me.正如你不能指望太阳从西边出来一样,你无法动摇我的决心。what sculpture is to a block of marble, education is to thesoul.教育之于心灵,犹如雕刻之于大理石。I felt as if I had known her for years.我觉得,我似乎已经认识她多年。we had better treat it as a joke.我们最好把它当作笑话。He resembled a pilot, which to a seaman is trustworthinesspersonified.他活像一位领航员,在一个海员的眼中,这不啻为可靠的化身。Joanna went on herway singing, and it seemed as if her voicewas lovelier than that of a bird.乔安娜继续赶路,边走边唱歌,她的歌喉好像比百灵鸟还婉转清越。

2　暗喻

暗喻(metaphor)是想象性地让一个人/物体等同于另一个人/物体并将后者的一种或多种属性赋予前者,或将与后者有关的情感或想象性属性赋予前者的隐含的类比。在各种修辞手段中,暗喻尤其值得注意,这不仅仅因为暗喻出现频率极高,而且因为英语暗喻与汉语暗喻有本质的差异。一般说来,汉语暗喻侧重于通过喻体来使本体显得形象生动。英语暗喻则往往通过喻体揭示本体的某种本质属性。暗喻依其表现方式大致可分为判断型、修饰型和移用型作者简介:朱万泽(1953-),男,教授。三个大类。

2.1　判断型暗喻这类暗喻的本体与喻体用be动词连接(例句中下加横线部分是喻体,译文后括号内标示暗喻的本质属性,如:)life is a short summer.人生犹如短暂的夏日。(美好短暂)A teacher’s life is a candle,教师生涯宛若蜡烛。(牺牲自我,奉献他人)“Getting small appliance fixed is Catch-22”,complained thecustomer.顾客抱怨说,“现在要找个地方修理小器具真是比登天还难”。(难以逾越的障碍)Kindness is the golden chain bywhich society is bound togeth-er.善良仁慈是将社会维系在一起的金色链系。(美好有用)Don’t trust that man; he is an old fox.不要相信那人,他是个老狐狸。(诡诈狡猾)The economic situation in that country is by no means rosy.那个国家的经济形势绝不容乐观。(乐观、充满希望)

2.2　修饰型暗喻这类暗喻的本体和喻体之间是修饰与被修饰的关系,有时也可能是同位关系。充当喻体的可能是修饰语,也可能是被修饰语。修饰语常用of介词词组充当,有时形容词词组、现在分词词组、名词属格也可以充当修饰语,如:They crowded around the two strangers and the flood of ques-tions came.他们聚在两名陌生人周围,向他们提了一连串的问题。(多而且接连不断)If music is the food of love, play on.如果音乐是爱情的食粮,那就继续演奏吧。(必要)She was then a girl of 17 with rosy cheeks.她那时年方十七,双颊红润。(红润健康)He could not get rid of his sticks now. His shriek soundedfaintly, dulled bythe billowing snow.他现在已离不开拐杖了,他的尖叫在纷纷扬扬翻飞飘舞的大雪中听起来显得微弱低沉。(飘扬飞舞)…she was a lady bom, a jewel, though probably she could donomore than just read andwrith!…她天生丽质,是一颗耀眼的明珠,尽管她不通文墨。(美丽、光彩夺目)No getting out of is—a mal-adjusted animal, civilized man!文明人类,适应不良的动物,这可是他们摆脱不了的命运!(无可奈何)

2.3　移动型暗喻移动型暗喻是指本体出现,喻体不直接出现,以适用于喻体的词(往往是动词或动词词组)来体现喻体的暗喻,如:The ship ploughed the sea.轮船划开海面,破浪前进。(像铧犁一样划开)Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and somefew to be chewed and digested.有些书籍宜浅尝辄止,有的宜囫囵吞枣泛泛阅读,但有少数的书籍却适宜咀嚼品尝、消化吸收。(用不同的进食方式比喻读书)You ought to see him wolf it down.你应该看看他那副狼吞虎咽的样子。(贪馋)

3　拟人

拟人(personification)是指赋予动物、观念、抽象物以及无生命的物体以人的外形、性格、动作或感觉等的修辞手法。拟人常常可以达到使描写对象显得活跃、充满生机,使描写生动、活泼的修辞效果,如:(1)Sylvan historian, who canst thus expressAflowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme.森林中的史学家,你讲述的花团锦簇的故事,比诗歌还更悦耳动听。(2)These happy masks that kiss fair ladies’browsBeing back, put us in mind they hide the fair….那些吻着美人娇颜的幸运的面罩,因为它们是黑色的缘故,常常使我们想起被它遮掩的面庞不知多么娇丽。(3)The baby crocodile thought hard. Then he had a goodidea.小鳄鱼拼命地想啊想啊,终于想出了一个好主意。(4)I have ever been the sport and toy of debasin本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。