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3.1 Development of Translation Shifts Theory..................................9

3.2 Catford’s Theory of Translation Shifts...................................10

4.Case Study.........................13

4.1 Level Shifts...........................13

4.1.1 Shifts Between Singular and Plural Expressions...................13

4.1.2 Shifts Between Lexis and Tense..................................14

5.Conclusion......................26

5.1 Summary................................26

5.2 Limitations and Suggestions....................26

4.Case Study

4.1 Level Shifts

Level shifts mean“a SL item at one linguistic level has a TL translation equivalent ata different level”(Catford,1965:73).In other words,level shifts refer to“something isexpressed by grammar in one language and lexis in another”(Munday,2016:71).

In English for science and technology,verbs are changed to show tenses and aspects,countable nouns have singular and plural forms,and the tone of voice shifts with semanticcontents.However,in Chinese,tenses,plural forms of nouns,and tone of voice can’t bereflected in grammar.For this reason,textual equivalence can be achieved only byadopting level shifts:shifts between lexis and grammar(Zheng&Cao,2011:18).

4.1.1 Shifts Between Singular and Plural Expressions

In English,nouns can be either countable or uncountable.Countable nouns are thosewhich can have the word a/an before them or be used in the plural followed by suffixes“-s”or“-es”.However,nouns in Chinese do not have plural forms.Some words andphrases can be used to express the plural concept,such as“们”,“许多”,“一些”,“各种各样”.Due to this difference,the translator uses English inflectional affixes representingnoun plurals to correspond to the plural forms in Chinese.In this way,level shifts betweensingular and plural expressions occur.

5.Conclusion

5.1 Summary

In this report,the translator has completed the Chinese-English translation on sectionsfrom six to nine in Chapter One of Installation,Commissioning,Operation andMaintenance of Electric Vehicle Charging Piles,with a total of more than 10000 Chinesecharacters in the source text and more than 10000 English words in the report.In addition,the translator has read through the selected material several times and looked up a total of14 abbreviations and 80 terminologies related to automotive engineering.She has benefiteda lot from taking part in this practice.

According to the previous analyses,Catford’s Translation Shifts Theory has providedthe translator with guidance,assistance and enlightenment during the course of sci-techtext translation.Specifically,level shifts effectively solve grammatical problems.Theplural concept in Chinese is shifted to countable English nouns with inflectional affixes.English tenses are applied to express the concept of time in Chinese.In addition,if there isno correspondence to the source text,or the correspondence is ambiguous,category shiftscould be an option.When translating long and complicated sentences,the translator mayemploy structure shifts or unit shifts.And class shifts are a good way本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。