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本文是一篇英语文学论文题目，笔者分析作品中知识分子在物质和精神层面对文化霸权的反抗。面对维多利亚时代中文化霸权的压迫时，艾什和兰蒙德通过重建文学创作颠覆观念体系，发挥了知识分子在时代思想进步方面的引领作用。

Chapter OneReflections on the Cultural Hegemony Borne byIntellectuals

1.1 Cultural Hegemony Faced by Ash and LaMotte

As intellectuals,both Ash and LaMotte are highly accomplished in literature.The two intellectuals live in the same era and love each other,so they come underinfluence of some common cultural hegemony.But because they belong to differentsocial classes,there are huge differences in their economic status and livingconditions.The differences in social status and class make them face up to the culturalhegemony in different manners.

1.1.1 Bondage of Morality in Love

The Victorians were severely bound by traditional values of morality of theperiod.Morality and ethical ideas mainly reflect the accepted and recognized ethicalorder that exists between man and man,man and society and man and nature.TheVictorian society was very serious about the standards of morality.People of nearlyall social classes were shaped more or less by the sense of morality,whether they were the poor people or the honorable king.

The concept of home was very important in the Victorian era,and the idea offamily was something that most people in the Victorian era cherished.Ash andLaMotte,however,are intellectuals who have contrastively different understandingsof“home”from those of others.Even so,their love is still heavily bound by theirsense of morality.For Ash,home is a place for formal warmth and a place devoid oflove and happiness.As narrated in the novel,“who lived a quiet and exemplarymarried life for forty years,whose correspondence was voluminous indeed,butguarded,courteous and not of the most lively”(Byatt 17).Even if he feelsoverwhelmed by the world and it seems there is no happiness to be found in themarriage and there is no way to end the marriage.Because of his wife Ellen’sabstinence,Ash can not enjoy the pleasure of sex in the marriage.Decades ofmarriage seem like a stagnant pool of water.In the eyes of outsiders,Ash and his wifeare very loving,and Ash is gentle and considerate to his wife,but both of them arealways bound in misfortune.As Ash writes to LaMotte.

1.2 Life and Spiritual Dilemmas Caused by Cultural Hegemony

Under the oppression of cultural hegemony,intellectuals face more or less lifeand spiritual dilemmas.This section will analyze the various dilemmas in life andspirituality faced by LaMotte and Ash,who were intellectuals in the Victorian era,inthe context of the sociality of the structure of feeling.It exemplifies the profound impact of cultural hegemony on intellectuals in the Victorian times.

1.2.1 Contradictions between Love and Morality

As a result of Ash and LaMotte’s conflict between love and morality,they areunable to love freely and enjoy the physical and mental happiness that love bringsthem.Michel Foucault,a French philosopher,points out at the beginning of his bookThe History of Sexuality:“For a long time,we have endured the norms of life of theVictorian era,and this is still the case today.This priggish queen also appears on thebadge of our sexual experience,reserved,reticent and hypocritical”(51).

Chapter TwoMateriality of the Structure of Feeling and the MaterialResistance