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Ian McEwan depicts the ubiquitous contingencies and various social disorder andpublic immorality in Solar.These makes the world in the novel chaotic and irrational,which is perfectly in line with Sartre’s elaboration of the concept of absurdity.Accordingto Sartre,the world is absurd and people living in it are in deep misery.Man is thrown intoa world full of contingency and uncertainty,therefore,man is destined to endure suffering,which is the fundamental perspective of existentialism to understand the world.In the faceof the absurd world,man is powerless to change the status quo,and all the efforts made byman are meaningless,which reflects the absurdity of people’s life.

This part focuses on the dystopia embodied in the novel and the anguish it causes tothe main character,Beard.

1.1.1 The Contingency and Randomness in Society

According to Sartre,God does not exist,and therefore man takes the place of the dead“divine”relation.As a result,the world is absurd,chaotic and disordered,and life ismiserable.Because there is no longer a Creator who creates order,the world becomeschaotic and full of uncertainty and chance.The world is dystopian because of contingencyand uncertainty.The dystopian world of Sartre has much in common with the worlddepicted by McEwan in Solar.

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1.2 Plight in the Alienated Interpersonal Relationship

Sartre mentions that when individuals suppress themselves by gazing,they are in thestate of alienation.Under the gaze of others,the individual is alienated from subject tosubject.In addition,the existence of others will limit individual freedom,and when othersact to achieve freedom,individual will inevitably be affected,which will lead to conflictand alienation between people.It is worth noting that Sartre discusses the origin ofalienation in the later period.He points out that scarcity is the material basis of alienation.Because of the priority of resources,people’s looting behavior makes people fall intodisharmonious situation in the competition for rights.It can be seen that alienation is theopposition between individual.

The gaze reveals to the characters the fact that individuals and others are the samesubjects.Under the gaze of Beard,Beard’s lovers become objects in interpersonalrelationships,and at the same time,the desire for lust intensifies alienation.In therelationship between colleagues,oppression and conflict lead to irreparable consequences,and since then,Beard and his two colleagues have fallen into a disharmonious relationship.In this case,alienation has caused the survival dilemma of the characters and made themfall into the anguish that is hard to get rid of.

Chapter Two Different Free Choices in Solar

2.1 Choice of Obedience

In Sartre’s philosophy,man is free.“The freedom that Sartre speaks of is not whatpeople obtain in transforming their natural and social life,but the self-choice constructed inself-consciousness”(Li 148).The freedom that Sartre refers to is an unconditional freedom,which means that people can make a free choice through their own will,and even thoughthis choice is negative,it本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。