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The theory of variational translation was developed at the turn of the century, when China‟s translation studies were at a crossroads, as Bassnett (2012) wrote in Translation studies at a cross-roads: “translation studies has reached a cross-roads and needs to reach out to other disciplines, taking advantage of what is being hailed by some as a translational turn within the humanities in general” (Bassnett, 2012: 15). 

According to search in kinds of channels, there are several names of “Translation Variation Theory”, such as the “Partial Translation” (Wei, 2006: 18), “Shortened Translation” (Zhang, 2018: 78), “Adaptive Strategies” (Wu, 2018: 75), and “Variational Translation Theory” (Huang, 2020). Here, the translator adopts the “Variational Translation Theory” (Huang, 2020).

Variational translation theory has been developed for more than 20 years (Yu & Huang, 2023). It was labeled as the country‟s first original translation theory (Huang & Zhang, 2020). And it has gone through the construction period (1998-2008), the development period (2009-2017), and the expansion period (2018-  ) (Huang & Yang, 2018).

 “The concept of translation variation was first proposed by Professor Huang in 1998” (Aona, 2021: 567). From 1998 to 2000, Professor Huang dedicated himself to the research of translation and Yan Fu‟s translation theory, and made the discovery that the most representative translation work of Yan‟s Evolution and Ethic is not a complete translation work. Yan believes that smoothness is more important than faithfulness to some extent (Gao & Wu, 1992). And he does not adopt the general methods of word-for-word translation and plain narration in translation. 

2.2 Adaptation Strategies of Variational Translation

The variational translation system consists of the subject, the object and the intermediary of translation. There are seven adaption techniques, including adding, deleting, editing, narrating, condensing, integrating and altering. “Adaptation can be seen as a translation technique addressing specific differences between the SL and the TL in terms of situational contexts and cultural references” (Palumbo, 2009: 6). 

Supposing that “a” is the total amount of information in the source text and “b” is the variable amount of information. The seven translation adaptations can be explained as follows: 

（1）“Adding” (a>b). Through adding necessary information into the translation work on the basis of the source text, the amount of information in the variational translation is more than the amount in the original work and its complete translation (Huang, 2020). For example, adding some explanations on professional terms. 

（2）“Deleting” (a

Chapter 3 Translation Process ..................... 10

3.1 Analyzing the Source Text ............................ 10

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