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cused on theacademic exploration of Bible translation.Nida first introduced the concepts of“FormalEquivalence”and“Dynamic Equivalence”in his work Toward a Science of Translating,later refining the latter into the theory of functional equivalence in the 1960s.He holds thebelief that the precision of the translation benchmark relies on how accurately averagereaders comprehend the source text.Meanwhile,Nida proposes the idea of“closest naturalequivalence”,which is different from the traditional fidelity to the original text only,butconsiders more the readers’response to the translated text.In translation,it is not requiredto reach a strict correspondence between two languages but to reach a functionalequivalence between the two languages.Function refers to the role of speech that thelanguage can play in use.Nida seeks to achieve an agreement between the readers of thesource language and the readers of the target text in terms of the reading experience so thatreaders with different cultural backgrounds and different languages can resonate with eachother.As the Chinese scholar Mr.Tan Zaixi said,“The translation flows smoothly andnaturally,its content is vividly expressed,and the readers’reactions are comparable.”(TanZaixi,2004:234)It can be said that Mr.Tan’s words accurately explain the essence ofEugene Nida’s theory of functional equivalence.Based on this foundation,the translatorrelies on Eugene Nida’s functional equivalence theory in translation practice,whichunderscores text orientation and reader reaction.

2.2 Basic Principles of Functional Equivalence Theory

Lexical equivalence,syntactic equivalence,and textual equivalence of functionalequivalence theory are the three core principles in the translation process,which constitutethe key elements for realizing the functional equivalence between the target text and thesource text.

Firstly,lexical equivalence demands that the translator locate vocabulary in the targetlanguage that closely resembles the source language’s vocabulary in regard to meaning,usage,and contextual relevance.This is not only a literal correspondence,but moreimportantly,to convey the cultural connotation and emotional color carried by the wordsof source language.Therefore,the translator must possess a profound comprehension ofboth the source and target languages,while also possessing the capability to preciselydiscern the subtleties of vocabulary,thereby guaranteeing the translation’s precision andauthenticity.

Secondly,syntactic equivalence emphasizes keeping the source language and thetarget language equivalent in terms of sentence structure in the translation process.Thisdoes not entail a literal,word-for-word,or sentence-for-sentence translation,but ratherinvolves suitably adapting the sentence structure of the source language in accordancewith the grammatical principles and idiomatic expressions of the target language,ensuringthat the translated text aligns with the natural flow and conventions of the target language.Achieving syntactic equivalence aids in enhancing the smoothness and ease ofcomprehension of the translated text.

3. Description of the Translation Process ................... 9

3.1 Preparation Before Translation ....................... 9

3.2 While-translation .................... 10

3.3 Post-translation ...................... 11

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