英语论文网

blic. The news language focuses onpeople's practical relation with the fact and extracts nutrition from the literarylanguage and commentary language, especially from popular and vivid languageamong the public. The number of the items of hold ^'m the google result is138,000, which is much smaller than that in the Sina Weibo, resulting in213,869,985 items. It can be seen from the two figures that hold 住 is very popularand widely used by a rather huge number of people.
Under the drive of globalization，the language contact continually arises,which brings about the crosslinguistic influence defined to be the influence of aperson's knowledge of one language on that person's knowledge or use of anotherlanguage. In this case, the author thinks that the influence of Chinese culture,language structure and the speaker's background knowledge on the English is thereason that English is localized. Under the influence of globalization, Englishlearning and application in semantics and pragmatics have continually increased inChina, representing the Chinese characteristics of culture, thinking pattern andlanguage. As the contact and conflict between Chinese and English are increasingboth in breadth and depth in China，the localization phenomena of English arestudied by the scholars in many linguistic aspects, especially in vocabulary.

Chapter 2 Literature Review

2.1 Studies on the Literal-Metaphorical Meaning
The polysemy means that a word may have several meanings rather than justone. It describes category enrichment's dynamic process in a static way. Morespecifically to say, polysemy is the correlations between one single word's variousbut related meanings. The study of polysemy plays an important role in linguisticswith rich achievements in domestic and international academic field.Cognitive semantics is a main strut of cognitive linguistics. The study onpolysemy was initially proposed and made by the French semanticist Michel Brealin late 19^*^ century (Nerlich and Todd, 2003). The linguist Ullmann said:“polysemy，the fact that some words have a network of multiple but relatedmeanings, is the pivot of semantic analysis” (Ungerer and Schimd. 1996).Polysemy has always been an indispensable part in modem cognitive semantics fordecades of years. The research on polysemy is clearly known as a fundamental partof the semantic study of cognition and language. Many cognitive linguists havedone a lot of researches referring to polysemy with cognitive semantic approaches.Alm-Arvius (1993) pointed out various truth conditions of understanding sensesand discussed the concepts of polysemy and lexical senses in detail. Based on theprototype theory, Taylor (2001, 2002) made a study of polysemy and reached aconclusion that if different uses of a word need to refer to two various domains, ortwo various sets of domains, it then strongly indicates that the vocabulary ispolysemous. And he also made a case study of the polysemous vocabulary. Ravinand Leacock (2000) researched polysemy with theoretical and computationalapproaches. Polysemous vocabularies are considered as categories of senses whichare intercorrelated by family resemblance and which possibly center on a prototype(Cuycken and Zawada, 2001).

Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework.......... 22-30
    3.1 Polysemy ..........22-24
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