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er for the pe-riod of days from the date for receivingthe same and it shall remain binding upon us andmay be accepted at any time before the expira-tion of that period.请再看以下一些译例:For fifteen days inclusive of the day of dis-patch.十五天,包括发信日在内。For fifteen days exclusive of the day of dis-patch.十五天,不包括发信日在内。During the Six months terminating Dec 31st·从12月31日截止的六个月时间之内。For fifteen days or a fraction thereof.15天或15天以内。

1·2在……之前,在……以前

1·2·1用by来翻译信用证须在三月底前送抵卖方。The letter of credit shall reach seller by theend of March.本合同下的所有货物必须在11月15日到达目的港。All the goods under the contract shall reachthe port of destination by Nov 15th·有时为了保险起见,把介词on和by用连接词or连起来,表示“在……日或……日之前”。例:Shipment by April 30thsubject to buy-er’s letter of credit reaching seller on or byMarch 15th.4月30日以前装运,但以买方信用证在3月15日或3月15日前到达卖方为限。

1·2·2用before或prior to来翻译十月底以前装货。Shipment before the end of October. 也许还是为了保险起见,合同起草人也常把on和before与or连在一起使用,表示“在……日或在……日之前”。例:在2月15日或2月15日前装运。Shipment on or before 15thFebruary.该信用证须于合同规定的装运月份前30天到达卖方。The said letter of credit must reach the sell-er thirty (30) days prior to the contracted monthof shipment.prior to的意思和before相同,但在合同契约中,人们喜欢用prior to。人们在合同中用before时,有时总爱与on连在一起用。1·3在……之后,在……以后

1·3·1用after来翻译合同一经签订,价格不允许变动。No price adjustment shall be allowed afterthe conclusion of the contract.以不可撤销的信用证,凭卖方即期跟单汇票议付,有效期应为装运期后15天在中国到期。Payment by irrevocable letter of creditavailable by sellers’documentary draft at sight,to be valid for negotiation in China until fifteen(15) days after date of shipment.

1·3·2用on or after来翻译载货轮定于5月15日及5月15日后抵达目的港。The carrying vessel is scheduled to reach theport of destination on or after May 15th.

1·3·3用from and after来翻译我们之间的合同应于8月10日后生效。The contract between us shall become effec-tive from and after August 10th.1·4“以下”和“以上”

1·4·1“以下”的译法我方所供型钢的价格为每公吨400美元和400美元以下。The section steel supplied by us shall be$400 or less per metric ton.表达“以下”这一意思时,合同条款中还常用这样一些词表示,例如:200美元或200美元以下,便可译为:US$200 or (and)under[be-low,down,downward(s)]等。

1·4·2“以上”的译法300公吨或300公吨以上的订单。An order for 300 metric tonsor upward.不少于300公吨的订单。An order fornot less than300 metric tons.10%到15%的预付款10%up to15% advance payment,both in-clusive(包括10%和15%)10%以上到15%over10% up to15% inclusive(包括10%在内)over10% (over and above10%, above10%)(这三种说法均不包括10%在内)对10 000美元和10 000美元以上的订单,for an order of US$10 000 andupwards.1·5从……到……(止)1·5·1用from... to...+inclusive,译为“从……到……包括……在内”该合同从1992到1995年三年期间有效。The said contract shall remain effectivefrom the years 1992 to 1995 inclusive.从5月1日到15日(包括1日和15日)From the first to the fifteenth of May bothinclusive.该句还可以译为:From the first to the fif-teenth of May inclusive.从星期一到星期五(头尾两天包括在内)From Monday to Friday inclusive.也可以译为:From Monday through Thurs-day.(此为美国英语的用法)以下译法也是常见的:从明天上午起(包括明天上午)From and including tomorrow morning.从毁约之日起(包括毁约之日)From the date of the breach.

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