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odern writer might add, “Show me a dictator that can dispense with the services of a secret police, and I will be his follower.” For this reason, Laotse says,“When the Tao prevails not, horses are trained for battle; when the Tao prevails, horses are trained to pull dungcarts.” [2]101
上例中有三句老子的话，分别摘自《道德经》第二十二章、第四十二章和第四十六章，原文分别为“夫唯不争，故天下莫能与之争”，“强梁者不得其死，吾将以为教父”和“天下有道，欲走马以粪。天下无道，戎马生于郊。”林语堂先生在这里摘译这三句话主要是为了说明没有一个会永远占便宜或永远是傻子这个主题。对于所摘选的三句话，林语堂先生基本上是逐字翻译（除了第二句的“父”为“teacher”），基本达到了内容和形式上的对等。
（三）编译
编译允许译者在译出原文的基础上以原文为材料进行编辑加工，这种处理方式不拘泥于原作内容，可以取其精华，节省译作篇幅。[6]有些原文篇幅过长，即使采取摘译的方式也难以在较短的篇幅表现出其主旨，这时就应该考虑采用编译的形式，对原文进行浓缩加工，用短小精悍的译文传达出原文的主旨。
Eg 4. One scholar voiced his sympathy for the peony only because of the fact that, when Empress Wu of the T'ang Dynasty commanded one day, in one of her megalomaniac whims, that all the flowers in the Imperial garden should bloom on a certain day in mid-winter, just because she wanted it, the peony was the only one that dared to offend her Imperial Majesty by blooming a few hours late, and consequently, all the thousands of pots of peony flowers were banished by Imperial decree from Sian, the capital, to Loyang. Although falling out of Imperial favor, the cult of the peony was still maintained and Loyang became a center for peony flowers.[2]304
上例是一则关于牡丹花和武则天的典故，出自《镜花缘》中第五回——俏宫娥戏嘲杹皮树武太后怒贬牡丹花，原文颇长，若是全译必要占用大量篇幅。[7]
此处，林语堂先生只是为了让西方读者了解中国有这样一个关于牡丹的典故，并不是为了翻译《镜花缘》中的某一篇章，因此采取了编译的形式。虽然译文篇幅不长，语言简练，却完整地传达了典故的内容，西方读者也可以从中了解到牡丹深受中国文人喜爱的原因。
三、结语
林语堂先生深厚的英文功底使他能够灵活自如地运用各种翻译变体形式和翻译手法，将翻译融合到写作中却不给人僵硬的感觉，使翻译活动的价值达到了最大化，使《生活的艺术》成功有效地完成了传播中国文化的目的。限于篇幅，本文就三种翻译变体形式即节译、摘译和编译进行了探讨，目的仅在于强调《生活的艺术》中存在翻译变体形式。译写结合是《生活的艺术》的一大创作特色，也为翻译变体研究提供了很好的素材。
参考文献：
[1]方梦之.译学辞典[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，2004.
[2] Lin Yutang. The Importance of Living [M]. Beijing: Foreign language teaching and research press. https://www.51lunwen.org/englishpaper/ 1998.<