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are doing, mister?”)[6].
2.2　Mrs.
Mrs. is the abbreviation of“Mistress”. Like Mr., Mrs. also appears togetherwith a last name rather than usedalone. The form ofMrs. + last name is normally used to address a married woman, with the last name being that ofher husband. This adoption of the husband’s last is a social convention rather than a legal requirement. Sometimes,Mrs. can also be followed by names of places (e.g. country, city) or activities (e.g. sports) or adjectives etc to ad-dress a married woman to show a kind of certain characteristic the addressee possesses, such asMrs. America, Mrs.Clever, Mrs. Homemaker etc[7].
2.3　Miss
Miss + last name is the conventionally polite way of addressing a youngwomanwho appears to be unmarried butof marriageable age. Some speakerwould use the address mode to a younger girl. Awoman of advanced age but nevermarried may still be addressed as“Miss + last name”. Like Mr. and Mrs., Miss can also be followed by names ofplaces (e.g. country, city) or activities (e.g. sports) or adjectives etc to address an unmarriedwoman to showa kindof certain characteristic the addressee has, such as Miss Asia, Miss America, Miss England, MissHong Kong, MissIndustry, Miss High-and-Mighty etc. Miss can be used alone to address a woman in special situations, e.g. to awaitress in a restaurant, to a saleswoman in a shop as a professional title. In addition, Miss may also be applied aloneby British schoolchildren to address a female teacher, where again it is a professional, not a social title. Nowadays, anewtrend appeared in America, people sometimes use“miss”to address an unfamiliar female, including those lookold, which reflects women’s psyche of hoping being young forever.
2.4　Ms
In modern times, an increasing number ofwomen prefer to continuewith theirmaiden surnames and are reluctantto reveal theirmarital status, then a newtitleMs emerges as the times require. Msmaybe the compoundword ofMrs.and Miss, standing forMrs. orMiss[5], it is the product ofwomen’s appealing for equality. It is often used before awoman’s surname. It avoids distinguishing her more precisely as eitherMrs. orMiss, a distinction that manywomenfeel is irrelevant. Ms usually has the spoken formofMiz. Ms to awoman is likeMr. to a man, which is irrelevant tomarital status. An article in Psychology of Women Quarterly, 11, by Kenneth L. Dion reported in 1987 that womenwho insisted on the use ofMs appeared to be more achievement-oriented, socially assertive, and dynamic, but lackinterpersonal warmth (Dunkling 1990:154). Although there is still some debate about its usage, it has already beenwidely used in social activities, letters etc.
2.5　Sir
Titles like Sir orMadamare often used in formal situation s to showrespector between strangers to indicate unfa-miliarity[8].From a historical pointof view, Sir is a shortened formof“sire”. Bythe fourteenth century, Sirwas already pos-sible to address any man who was socially superior to the speaker as Sir. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, apriest could be addressed as Sir + first name and at some universities, a BachelorofArtswas addressed as Sir + lastname. By the eighteenth century, it had become the normal term of address between male equals if theywere middleor upper-class speakers. It has long been perceived as a term of respect, used by a speaker who acknowledges theseniority of social or professional rank of the person being addressed. It is also long-established as a convention本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。