英语论文网

1.被动时态

由于在科技书刊中描述的都是事物、过程和现象等，即主语多为非人称的，这就比较适合使用被动语态，在一定程度上提高了科技文献的客观性。例如：a.The heat causes the reaction to be accelerat-ed. b.The solution is weakened by the addition ofmore water.c.Condensation is caused by the passage of aparticle through the vapor．d.An improvement of its performance can beachieved by the use of superheated steam.科技人员关心的是行为、活动、作用、事实，至于这些行为是谁做的，无关紧要，所以，在这样的句子中就没有必要出现人称。使用被动语态，意思清晰明了，结构更加简洁。科技英语中另一种常见的被动结构就是“it”结构句，例如：It is well-known that…It is usually considered that…It has been found/reported that…It is suspected/thought/assumed that…

2.非谓语动词

为了叙述简洁明了，科技英语大量使用非谓语动词，包括使用过去分词、现在分词、动名词和动词不定式。非谓语动词使句子结构严谨，逻辑性强，信息承载量大。例如：As a result the chemical industry has becomethe central industry of modern civilization,tending,because of its control of materials,to spread into,and ultimately incorporate,older industries,such asmining,smelting,building,and even through its con-cern with fertilizers and food processing,agricultureitself.以上例句有47个单词，只有一个简单句组成，其余非谓语形式作状语。显然，非谓语动词的使用让原文信息组织紧凑，逻辑关系紧密，语言精练。非谓语动词在句中使用灵活，可以充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语等。例如：To study this material and to become familiarwith its contents present no unusual difficulties.(主语)The body would continue to move if there wereno friction.(宾语)An electronic computer is a machine giving ac-curate computations at high speed.(定语)The heat produced is equal to the electrical en-ergy wasted.(定语)To meet the needs of our production,more andmore electric power will be generated.(状语)

3.简化式定语

从句科技英语以能表达思想为目的，如果使用日常英语中以引导词“that”、“which”或“who”等引导的定语从句就会使句子变得冗长、罗嗦和不严谨。所以科技英语中大量使用简化式定语从句。定语简化一般可分为被动定语从句简化和主动语态定语从句的简化。被动定语从句的简化一般是省略关系代词和be动词，利用过去分词的被动语态功能来达到简化的目的，如：Common sense isthe most important quality that’s possessed by ourrespondents可简化本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。