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wise men learn much from fools. （3）One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy. （4）A wise man thinks all that he says; a fool says all that he thinks. From the above examples, we can find that the repeated word or idea has a reinforcing effect. With the repetition of the same word in close succession, we may notice that the main point of the sentence becomes clear. It can also be used to express strong emotion and give us an aesthetic feeling and a sense of logical progression of ideas.[21] 4.2 Phonology 4.2.1 Alliteration （5）He who makes constant complaints gets little compassion. （6）A fair face may hide a foul heart. （7）The fairest flowers soonest fade. （8）Time and tide wait for no man. From the above examples, we can find that these proverbs are vivid with rhythm. Because of rhythm, alliteration is a great help to memory. It can catch the attention of the readers and make the idea impressed deeply on the readers, so the proverbs are easier to remember. 4.2.2 Consonance （9）In youth the hours are golden, and in mature years they are silvern, and in old age they are leaden. （10）Hope for the best, prepare for the worst. （11）Where love fails, we espy all faults. From the above-mentioned, consonance makes the proverbs more rhythmic and more appealing. It is also good for sound rhyme, musical effect and significant emphasis. 4.2.3 Assonance （12）Where the needle goes, the thread follows. （13）Who that in youth, no virtue uses, in old all honor him refuses. （14）A friend in need is a friend indeed. The repetition of the above vowel produces musical rhythm and sound euphony. 4.3 Comparison 4.3.1 Simile （15）March comes in like a lion and goes out like a lamb. （16）True friendship is like sound health, the value of which is seldom known until it be lost. （17）A lamb is as dear as dear as to a poor man as an ox to the rich. As we can see from the above examples, simile explains abstract, complicated ideas in simple and concrete way. 4.3.2 Metaphor （18）Money is a good servant but a bad master. （19）Knowledge is a treasure but practice is the key to it. （20）Hope is the poor man’s bread. As we can see from the above examples, an implied comparison between two different things that share at least one attribute in common. 4.3.3 Metonymy （21）A light heart lives long. （22）A soft answer turned away wrath. （23）An iron hand in a velvet glove. （24）A close mouth catches no flies. As we can see from the above examples, unlike simile, the comparison in metaphor is implied. It requires greater ability on the part of the reader to make out the hidden association or insight, so metaphor is generally more complicated and more involved than simile. The above proverbs enrich and strengthen the reader’s existing association and bringing about greater rhetorical effectiveness.[22] 4.4 Personification 4.4.1 Inanimate objects personalizing （25）Wall has ears. （26）Money makes the mare go. （27）The pot calls the kettle black. 4.4.2 Animals personalizing （28）The fox knew too much, that’s how he lost his tail. （29）Nightingales will not sing in a cage. （30）The tortoise wins the race while the hare is sleeping. （31）Two sparrows on one ear of corn make an ill agreement. 4.4.3 Plants personalizing （32）A great tree attracts the wind. （33）A single flower does not make a spring. 4.4.4 Abstract ideas personalizing （34）Truth conquers all things. （35）Opportunity seldom kno